BRACHIOPODA. 
281 
Genus RAFINESQUINA, gen. nov. 
Lept^ina and Strophomena of most authors. 
PLATE VIII, FIGS. 1-11; PLATE IXa, FIGS. 1, 2, i ; and PLATE XVa, FIGS. 37, 38, 39 (?). 
1838. Leptcena, Conrad. Second Ann. Rept. N. Y. Geological Survey, p. 115. 
1839. Strophomena, Conrad. Third Ann. Rept. N. Y. Geological Survey, pp. 63, 64. 
1840. Strophomena, Conrad. Fourth Ann. Rept. N. Y. Geological Survey, p. 201. 
1841. Strophomena, Conrad. Fifth Ann. Rept. N. Y. Geological Survey, p. 37. 
1842. Strophomena, Conrad. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., vol. viii, p. 254, pi. xiv, fig. 5 ; pp. 259, 260. < 
1842. Strophomena,, Vanuxem. Geological Rapt. Third i)ist. N. Y., p. 46, fig. 2. 
1842. Strophomena, Emmons. Geol. Rept. Second Dist. N.Y., p. 389, fig. 2; p. 395, fig. 3 ; p. 403, fig-. 3. 
1843. Orthis, de Castelnau. Essai sur le Systeme Silurien de l’Amerique septentrionale, pp. 37, 38, 
pi. xiv, figs. 1, 6. 
1844. Strophomena, Owen. Geol. Expl. Iowa, Wisconsin, and Illinois, pi. xvi, fig. 8; pi. xvii, fig. 6. 
1847. Leptcena, Hall. Palaeontology of N. Y., vol. i, p. 19, pl.-iv (bis), fig. 2; p. 20, pi. iv (bis), fig. 3 ; 
p. 102, pi. xxxi, fig. 1, pi. xxxi A, fig. 1; pp. 106, 107, pi. xxxi A, figs. 2, 3; 
p. 109, pi. xxxi b, fig. 1; p. 115, pi. xxxiB, fig. 8; p. 286, pi. lxxix, fig. 2. 
1852. Leptcena, Hall. Palaeontology of N. Y., vol. ii, p. 62, pi. xxi, fig. 6. 
1856. Strophomena, Billings. Canadian Nat. and Geol., vol. i, p. 214, figs. 3, 4. 
1858. Strophomena, Rogers. Geology of Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 817, fig. 591; p 818, fig. 60.0. 
1859. Strophomena, Hall. Twelfth Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 70. / 
1859. Strophomena, Billings. Canadian Nat. and Geol., vol. iv, p. 443. 
1860. Strophomena, Billings. Canadian Nat. and Geol., vol. v, pp. 51-54, fig. 1. 
1862. Strophomena, Billings. Palaeozoic Fossils, vol. i, pp. 117, 118, fig. 97; pp. 119, 128, fig. 106. 
1863. Strophomena, Billings. Canadian Geology, Report of Progress, p. 163, fig. 140; pp. 141, 209, 
fig. 208. 
1865. Strophomena, Shaler. Bulletin Mus. Comp. Zoology, No. 4, p. 82. 
1868. Strophomena, Meek and Worthen. Geological Survey of Illinois, vol. iii, p. 335, pi. iv, fig. 11. 
1871. Strophomena, Davidson. British Silurian Brachiopoda, p. 285, pi. xlii, figs. 20, 21; p. 292, pi. xlii, 
figs. 1-5 ; pi. xxxix, figs. 22-24 ; p. 296, pi. xxxvli, figs. 23-26 ; pi. xlii, 
figs. 6-8 ; p. 383, pi. xlii, figs. 18, 19 ; pi. xlvii, figs. 1-4; pp. 310, 311, 
pi. xlii, fig. 11; pi. xliii, fig. 15; p. 312, pi. xiv, figs. 1-10. 
1873. Strophomena, Meek. Palaeontology of Ohio, vol. i, pp. 88-91, pi. vii. 
1874. Strophomena, Miller. Cincinnati Quart. Jour. Sci., vol. i, p. 13. 
1874. Strophomena, James. Cincinnati Quart. Jour. Sci., vol i, p. 335. 
1875. Strophomena, Miller. Cincinnati Quart. Jour. Sci., vol. ii, pp. 51-54. 
1881. Strophomena, N. H. Winchell. Ninth Annual Rept. State Geologist of Minnesota, p. 120. 
1881. Strophomena, White. Tenth Ann. Rept. Indiana State Geol., p. 113, pi. i, figs. 6, 7. 
1882. Strophomena, Whitfield. Geology of Wisconsin, vol. iv, p. 261, pi. xii, figs. 15, 16 ; p. 262, 
pi. xii, fig. 14. 
1883. Strophomena, Davidson. British Silurian Brachiopoda, Suppl., p. 193, pi. xvi, figs. 6, 7. 
1883. Strophomena, Hall. Report N. Y. State Geologist for 1882, pi. xxxviii, figs. 1-11. 
1887. Strophomena, Shaler. Memoirs Kentucky Geol. Survey, p. 4, pis. ii, iii. 
Diagnosis. Shells normally concavo-convex. Surface ornamented by radi¬ 
ating striae, of alternating size, crossed and crenulated by finer concentric 
striae. Cardinal margins without denticulations. Interior of the pedicle-valve 
