Mecklenburg or Baltic Moraines. — Upliam. 45 
on the railway route from Hamburg to Oldesloe, Liibeck, 
Kleinen, Biitzovv, Rostock and Warnemiinde, passing through 
Holstein and Mecklenburg on the way to Copenhagen and the 
Scandinavian peninsula. Again, returning from Goteborg 
(Gothenburg) I crossed the northern part of the Kattegat to 
Frederikshavn, the most northern port of Denmark, and ex- 
amined the moraine belt in its fine development near that 
town. Thence it was observed from the railway in passing 
west to Hjorring and southward through the whole length of 
this peninsula. 
From these observations it appears certain that the Baltic 
ridge was formed when the border of the European ice-sheet 
rested on the eastern part of Schleswig and Denmark as far 
north as Frederikshavn, being there indented by a great re- 
entrant angle, from which the ice-front extended westward, 
resting on the northwest coast of Denmark, and thence proba- 
bly extending southwesterly across the area of the North Sea. 
On the east coast of Yorkshire in England an apparently cor- 
relative moraine, described by Prof. H. Carvill Lewis and by 
Mr. G. W. Lamplugh, is well defined along a distance of 
about seventy-five miles northward from the mouth of the 
Humber, past Bridlington, Scarborough and Whitby, formed 
by an ice-sheet which spread from Norway and Sweden across 
the North Sea basin. In England and in continental Europe 
alike, as also in North America, wide areas of glacial drift lie 
outside the moraines, reaching' south nearly to the Thames 
at London and to Brussels and Dresden. In America neither 
the maximum Kansan extension of the ice-sheet, nor, after an 
interglacial retreat, its second great lowan advance, was nota- 
bly attended with moraine accumulation; but, during the en- 
suing Wisconsin or Champlain epoch of final recession, many 
conspicuous moraines, like these west and south of the Baltic 
and others farther north in the island of Seeland, in Sweden, 
and in Finland, w'ere amassed at many lines where peculiar 
conditions of the waning ice-sheet favored the deposition of 
much marginal drift. 
Prominent moraine hills rising 100 to 150 feet above the 
adjoining country, to altitudes of 200 to 300 feet above the 
sea, extend fifteen miles from the coast of the North sea at 
Lonstrup east by Hjorring to Sindal. Thence southward 
