Review of Recent Geological Literature. 51 
Palceo7itoIogische und stratigraphische Notizen ans Anatolien. I. 
Der Lias am Kessik-tash IV. 7>oii Angora, etc. Von J. F. Pompeckj, 
in Miinchen.* 
This article describes the several zones of the Lias recog- 
nized near Angora in Anatolia. The first part is a description of the 
fossils found. Foraminifera of tlie groups Texularidce and RotalidcE were 
met with; also Heliodiscus among the radiolarians. Crinoids of the genus 
Pefitacruius (Extracrttuts) form a part of the collection. A Terchratula 
was obtained, also a Pleurotoinaria {P. cf. amathei Quenst.). Cephalo- 
poda form an important part of the fossils gathered. The species are 
Phylloceras frondosuni Raynes, P. herbertinitm Raynes, P. alontinum 
Gemmellaro, Lytoceras sp. ex. aff., L. ampli 0pp., Arietites cf. rotator 
Raynes, A. ci.latisulcatiis Quenst., Bclemnites sp. indeterm. 
A study of these species leads Dr. Pompeckj to assert the presence 
of the Lower, Middle and Upper Lias at Kessik-tash, and comparisons 
are made with the Lias of the Mediterranean and northwest areas in 
Europe. 
An interesting part of the article is a discussion of the relations 
of land and sea in eastern Europe and western Asia in the Liassic age. 
Dr. Pompeckj postulates the existence of an island whose area cov- 
ered the Archipelago, eastern Greece and Thrace and the Balkan re- 
gion in the time of the Lias. This island was separated from a north- 
ern mainland by a narrow strait in eastern Hungary. The northern 
land is called the South-Russian mainland and the sounthern boundary 
includes the mouths of the Danube, the Crimea and the plains north 
of the Caucasus; from this range the boundary swept around to the 
south and included the valley of the Caspian sea. Asia Minor and 
Persia thus formed a marine region, but there was a free connection 
between it and the Mediterranean area, as there was no independent 
fauna in the eastern sea. 
The existence of a northern mainland is further strengthened by 
the presence of a Rhsetic flora in the Alburz mountains of northern 
Persia which, according to Dr. Pompeckj, is here the northern bound- 
ary of the Liassic sea. 
The article is furnished with a map showing the geographical feat- 
ures above indicated, and with three plates bearing figures of the 
species found at Kessik-tash. G. f. m. 
History of Mi7iing and Quarrying in Minnesota. By Warren Up- 
HAM. (Minnesota Historical Society Collections, vol. 8, pt. 2, pp. 291- 
302, May 10, i8q8.) 
The substance of this paper was delivered as an address at the 
annual meeting of the Minnesota Historical Society, Jan. 18, 1897. 
The paper deals with the various substances which have been or which 
are mined or c|uarried in the state and gives a brief account of the 
development of the industry connected with each. The subjects treated 
are: copper, gold, iron, coal, granite and gneiss, quartzyte and sand- 
stone, limestone, clay. Some statistics are presented and there is also 
a popular resume of the geological history of Minnesota. u. S. G. 
*From Deutchen GeoloBi.sclien Zeitscrift 1.S97. Pt. 4 pp. 7i:W28. 2 cuts, 1 map, 2 
plates. 
