Raised Shorelines at Trondhjem. — UpJiam. 149 
The writer excludes these rocks from the gabbro for the fol- 
lowing reasons: 
1. These magnetite rocks are stratigraphically continu- 
ous with the Animikie iron bearing rocks, and at Birch and 
Akeley lakes the unchanged rock can be traced by successive 
steps into the crystalline rocks, composed of quartz, pyroxene, 
olivine and magnetite. The metamorphosed rock retains the 
banded structure of the original rock. The rock is free from 
titanium. The chemical composition of the recrystallized 
rock corresponds closely with that of the unaltered rock. 
2. The gabbro always acts as an intrusive toward the 
quartzose pyroxene rocks, the contact between the two is 
sharp. Large irregular blocks of the latter rock are entirely 
surrounded by the gabbro. The gabbro is nearly always a 
uniformly coarse grained normal phase when found in con- 
tact with the older rocks. The gabbro magnetites nearly al- 
ways contain considerable titanium. 
[European and American Glacial Geology Compared, VIII.] 
RAISED SHORELINES AT TRONDHJEM. 
By Warken Upham, St. Paul, Minn. 
The younger Hugh Miller visited the city of Trondhjem* 
in October, 1884, and, in a paper read before the British As- 
sociation in 1885, reported his identification and mapping of 
forty-three raised shorelines, eroded in slopes of glacial drift 
below the very remarkable shore, 525 feet above the sea, which 
is eroded in the rock of the hill about a mile west of the city. 
Above a little bay at Leangen, two miles east of Trondhjem. 
Miller noted thirty shorelines in the first 300 feet of ascent 
from the fjord to a distance of one mile and a half from its 
shore. Three or four others were found in the next 50 feet 
♦Also often spelled Throndhjem by English writers. Its meaning is 
the Throne Home, having been for centuries the capital of the country. 
It is still honored as the place of coronation of the kings of Norway and 
Sweden, the present King Oscar II being crowned there in 1872. 
