1 86 The American Geologist. Septtmbur, i89» 
southeastern Michigan, thereby finding fhe key to the glacial 
lake succession in the Erie-Huron basin. His tracing of sub- 
aqueous moraines from highland to highland and the correla- 
tion with old outlets and shorelines leave no chance for fur- 
ther doubt of the adequacy of glacier dams. 
The largest known glacial lake, and the one most fully de- 
scribed, is lake Agassiz. The shoreline phenomena of this 
lake were described in part by H. Y. Hind as early as 1859. 
The southward outlet to the Mississippi was described by G. 
K. Warren in 1868; The glacial character of the waters was 
suggested by N. H. Winchell in 1872 and 1877. The name 
"lake Agassiz" was applied by Warren Uphani in 1879, who 
has immortalized the lake, and himself, by his recent mono- 
graph. 
Several other investigators have described glacial lake 
phenomena in dififerent localities: G. H. Cook, in New Jer- 
sey, with later description of his "lake Passaic" by R. D. Salis- 
bury and H. B. Kiimmel; E. W. Claypole in Ohio; C. R. Dry- 
er, in Indiana; S. P. Baldwin in the Champlain valley; E. H. 
Williams, Jr., in the upper Lehigh valley; I. C. White in the 
Monongahela valley; the writer in central-western New York; 
and especially F. B. Taylor throughout the larger part of the 
area of the great lakes. 
The glacial lake studies have developed interesting and 
important results concerning crustal movements. The de- 
formation of the shorelines gives values for the epeirogenic 
differential uplift over the Laurentian and the Winnipeg basins 
during postglacial time, of which the full significance may not 
yet.be developed. An interesting problem now in process of 
solution by Taylor, Gilbert and others is the relation of glacial 
lakes in the upper Laurentian basin to the history of the Nia- 
gara river and the excavation of the gorge. (See above, pages 
171-172.) 
EXISTING GLACIERS. 
The existence of living glaciers in the LTnited States has 
been recognized since about 1870, and it is found that in Ore- 
gon and Washington are alpine systems which are in some 
respects as interesting and instructive as those of Switzerland. 
The glacier fields of Alaska and adjacent Canada are far supe- 
rior to those of Europe, and include the only known exam- 
