Glacial Phc?iomcna in Washington. — Dazvson, 209 
leys actually excavated by the ice. Other varieties are pos- 
sible and innumerable modifications may be found, but from 
a somewhat careful study of the region I conclude these to be 
the leading types. Let us consider these three forms, with 
examples of each. 
Of the first. Grand coulee must ever be the typical ex- 
ample. Enough perhaps has already been said to indicate its 
pertinent features. Moses' coulee to the westward may prove 
to be of this sort, but its phenomena have not been closely 
studied. Regarding it on the map, I have even hazarded the 
conjecture that it marks a stage of Columbia river drainage 
previous to the Grand coulee occupation, but this is, I confess, 
extremely improbable. The Little Bend coulee, alreadv re- 
ferred to, evidently belongs to this class. There was little 
opportunity for the formation of coulees of this class in Okan- 
ogan county proper because of the complete occupation of 
the ice. 
Of the second class, the most prominent example is the 
one already figured by Bailey Willis, the old valley of the 
Similkameen river. This stream used to run south parallel- 
ing the Okanogan river for 30 or 40 miles, before joining it 
lower down. During the decadence of the glacial period the 
ice occupied this portion of its channel — being continually 
fed from the west — while the waters of the Similkameen, par- 
tially released, were accumulating on the north. Soon the 
water of the lake thus formed began to cut across a low di- 
vide to the east, and this action was continued until today the 
Similkameen deserts its old valley by a sudden sharp turn to 
the north-east, Miner's bend, and passes through a narrow, 
deep-cut canon to join the Okanogan at Oro. The glacier 
left abundant evidence of its presence in the old vallev. for il 
heaped up morainic material in the central portions until a 
tributary stream, the Similihckin, upon entering the valley, 
turns and meanders slowly north over the drift, proceeding for 
20 miles, or until it joins the Similkameen, in a direction con- 
trary to the old stream; — certainly a remarkable instance of 
filial devotion in rivers. Of the southern extension of this 
coulee, Bailey Willis says: "From the Three Pools southward 
the drift surface is dotted with kettle holes. * * * The 
waters of Fish lake are held by a gravel dam, from beneath 
