304 TJie American Geologist. November, i898 
the granite magma has to be abandoned, at least if any hy- 
jiothesis more reasonable can be substituted. 
The only other existing hypothesis for the origin of gran- 
ite and the associated igneous rocks is that which refers them 
to the fusion of deeply buried sedimentary materials. This 
hypothesis, which at first glance seems to have a facies of rea- 
son and probability, is essentially that which was proposed by 
Hutton as contrasted with the oceanic view of Werner. With 
some modifications in the methods of application and opera- 
tion this view has survived till the present. It was repeated 
by Keferstein (Naturgeschichte, des Erdkorpers, vol. I, p. 109, 
1834); also Bull. Soc. Geol. France (i), vol. VII, p. 197); by 
Herschell (Proc. Geol. Soc. London, II, 548, 1836); Hunt 
(Geol. Magazine, June, 1869; Chem. Geol. Essays, 1874, p. 
59), afterwards abandoned for the crenitic hypothesis); Le 
Conte (Am. Jour. Sci., Nov. and Dec, 1872); King (U. S. 
Geol. Ex. 40th Parrallel, vol. I, p. 705 et seq., 1878); Button 
(Geology of the High Plateaus of Utah, pp. 123 et seq., 1880); 
and the writer in 1888 (Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci. XXXVII, 212, 
1888). 
There are still more recent discussions of the manner and 
the physical conditions under which sedimentary rocks be- 
come plastic and flow as a molten magma, or crystallize in situ. 
Messrs. Crosby and FiTller (Mass. Inst. Tech. Quart., IX, 326- 
356, 1896; Am. Geol. XIX, 148, 1897) in discussing the origin 
of pegmatyte reach the conclusion that it is an intermediate 
representative between rocks deposited by solution and those 
that result from cooling, from fusion, that on one hand pegma- 
tyte is inseperable from veins, which are of aqueous origin, 
and on the other grades into true granite which constitutes 
true dikes and bosses of igneous origin. They argue, there- 
fore, for the intimate co-operation of heat and water not only 
in the formation of pegmatyte but of all granites. Through 
pegmatyte, therefore, there is a crystallline connection, open 
to observation, between the fragmental end of rock genesis 
and the igneous. The significance of this connection, in its 
bearing on the origin of granite, is not fully entered upon 
by Crosby and Fuller. 
About the same date Prof. C. R. Van Hise has, in a mas- 
terful manner, gone into the principles of pressure, strain and 
