Conglomerates i?i the Galeiia Series. — Sardeson. 3 1 9 
shale in its upper portion and in this the pebbles are embedded, 
or again they are in the shaly surface lamina of a limestone 
stratum. It seems remarkable that the pebbles lie in the top 
of the Stictoporella bed and not in the basal portion of the 
succeeding one. Their position is like that of the pebbles 
and the blackened irregular surfaces at the top of lower lying 
beds. 
The fourth of the series of beds has also its conglomerate 
in the highest layers. The bed is 30 or more feet thick. It is 
composed of clay with more or less discontinuous layers of 
limestone one to three or four inches thick. At Saint Paul 
this bed has been excavated recently in such a manner as to 
permit the unweathered undisturbed strata to be closely 
studied. About ten feet below the top there is a thick lamina 
of oolitic limonite. The same is not preserved in the weath- 
ered clay and for that reason probably it has never before 
been observed. Pebbles a foot wide and three or four inches 
thick and smaller ones occur two feet below the oolyte lamina 
and again near the top of the bed. These strange occurrences 
have been found distributed or partly heaped together in a 
manner to show that they form a conglomerate. They are 
parts of broken up limestone strata and both their composi- 
tion and content of fossils show^ them to have been broken 
from the bed in which they now lie. The pebbles are irregu- 
larly lenticular, smooth or bored full of holes, blackened and 
partly encrusted by Bryozoa, monticuliporoid corals, crinoid 
roots, etc. They rest sometimes obliquely upon one another 
like shingle. They are mostly large pieces, several inches 
wide and are embedded in fine, fossil-bearing clay or in fos- 
siliferous limestone strata which are not unlike that from 
which the conglomerate pebbles must seemingly have been 
derived. To. explain this intraformational conglomerate it 
seems not necessary to assume that the pebbles as such are 
the result of erosion, but rather that the exposed top of the 
bed being a limestone stratum, which was not covered by 
other deposit, it was attacked by the sea water and reduced to 
lenticular pieces. Their blackened, bored and encrusted sur- 
faces show that they lay a long time upon the sea bottom. 
I>ut they are alike on both sides, and again they seem to rejirc 
sent more than one stratum and it mav therefore be necessary 
