Literature on the Laramie Formation. — Hay. 117 
An observation may be permitted regarding- the table pre- 
sented by Professor Osborn on pages n -15 of his first paper. 
He has, in showing the distribution of the fossil vertebrates 
concerned, given one column with the heading "Judith River" 
and another with the heading "Montana." To the writer it 
appears that nearly all the species which are checked off as 
occurring in Montana ought to appear in the Judith River col- 
umn and this fact was recognized by professor Osborn him- 
self (p. 10.) The ones to be excepted are Mylognathus pris- 
ons, from Long lake, N. Dakota, and Trionyx vaga/ns and 
Compsemys Uneplatus, reported from the Big Horn river. All 
the rest are certainly from the Judith River basin, unless again 
we except Manospondylus and Claorhynchus, whose localities 
are not given. Those from the Judith River basin must be regard- 
ed as from the Judith River beds until some one has shown 
that more than one formation has been included. The above 
corrections being made, we find that the great majority of Lar- 
amie vertebrates have been described from the Judith River 
beds, and that the comparison of the Bell}- River fauna must 
be made especially with these Judith River species. 
What the meaning of the resemblances and differences be- 
tween the Belly River and Laramie faunas may be will not be 
understood until the stratigraphical relationship of their re- 
spective deposits has been finally determined. "Non pala?- 
ontologia sine geologia." Nevertheless, it seems that some of 
our writers have unnecessarily permitted their faith in the 
determinations of the stratigraphers and palaeontologists of 
the United States to be shaken by the conclusions of their 
Canadian brethren. While all our opinions and theories must 
be held subject to revision, perhaps to reversal, it appears to 
the writer that the position of the Judith River beds of Mon- 
tana and the Ceratops beds of Wyoming above the Montana 
formation has been abundantly demonstrated. Our geologists 
and palaeontologists have studied the geology of the plains 
and Rockv Mountain region for nearly fifty years, and there 
is no satisfactory evidence that a fauna resembling that of the 
Laramie occurs anywhere beneath the Montana formation. 
The Judith River region in particular has been visited by Hay- 
den, Meek, Cope, Stanton, and Weed; and these agree in af- 
firming that the Judith River beds are underlain by Fox Hills 
