134 The American Geologist. September, 1903. 
which he went to Europe and studied in the University of 
Halle during the winter of 1844-45. 
Returning to America he became a colporteur for the 
American Tract Society in Northwestern Pennsylvania. Go- 
ing to Boston in 1846, at the instigation of professor Rogers, 
he accepted the pastorate of a Congregational Church in Mil- 
ton, Mass., and officiated there till 1851, when in consequence 
of a change of his religious views, he gave up his ministry and 
returned to Philadelphia as a reporting geologist. 
The clear insight into the complicated geological structure 
of his native state which his studies in constructing the geolog- 
ical state map had given him, caused his opinion to be sought 
from all parts of the country ; for not only was the capital 
from many states interested in the oil and coal of Pennsylvania, 
but from the completeness of his presentation of the paleozoic 
rocks their interpretation there furnished the key to their struc- 
ture elsewhere. 
He never organized this great business, which would inev- 
itably have realized for him a large fortune, but attended to it 
personally as far as he could and let the remainder go. 
He was very much hampered in geological reporting by his 
duties as secretary of the Iron and Steel Association ; secretary 
of the American Philosophical Society ; and editor of the Bul- 
letin of the one, and of the Transactions and Proceedings of 
the other. These latter occupations chained him in Philadel- 
phia, while his professional engagements in examining mineral 
properties would have furnished field occupation to two men 
like himself during the entire year. 
It was these conflicting duties and demands which kept his 
sensitive mind in continual distress and brought about a nerv- 
ous exhaustion which compelled him to seek relief several 
times in Europe. In addition to his engrossing editorial duties 
above referred to, he published in 1859 for the Iron and Steel 
Association the "Iron Manufacturer's Guide," a large volume 
of permanent value, and carried out a new and original system 
of cataloguing the extensive library of the American Philo- 
sophical Society. Besides this, he was the "presenter" at the 
fortnightly meetings of the Society, the active recorder of its 
minutes, the suggester of its policy, and, principal framer of its 
resolutions to carry that policy out. He took part in most of 
thediscussions (which indeed seemed tame, when his pleasant 
