Faunal Provinces of America. — Schuchert. 137 
ON THE FAUNAL PROVINCES OF THE MIDDLE 
DEVONIC OF AMERICA AND THE DEVONIC 
CORAL SUB-PROVINCES OF RUSSIA, 
WITH TWO PALEOGRAPHIC MAPS. 
By Charles Schuchert, U. S. National Museum. 
PLATES XX-XXI. 
The recent work on the corals of Russia by Lebedew* gives 
Americans their first opportunity for more or less detailed 
comparisons among the coral faunas of that Empire and those 
of Europe and America. In this paper will be given (1) an 
abstract of Lebedew's conclusions, (2) some observations by 
the present writer on the affinity of the coral subprovinces of 
America and Europe, and (3) extended remarks on the 
"American" and "Eurasiatic" provinces of North America. 
Devonic corals are often of very wide geographic distri- 
bution and from this fact have considerable value as indicators 
for the intercommunication of seas and oceanic provinces. It 
seems almost certain that many of the world-widely distributed 
species are loosely defined and contain more than one form, 
and that many of the genera also lack precision. This, how- 
ever, cannot militate against the general conclusions here 
drawn, since it still remains a fact that the forms so recognized 
are closely allied, if not identical. 
Lebedew finds that the Devonic corals of Russia occurring 
in ten regions can be grouped into three subprovinces each hav- 
ing a more or less uniform faunal development. These are : 
1. The West European type, embracing the areas of West 
Europe, Poland, Transkaukasia and Petchora-land. 
2. The Central Russian type, embracing the area of the 
main Devonian field of Russia and Northwest and- Central 
Russia. 
3. The Ural- Altai type, including the Urals (also the 
Mugadzhar Mts.), Altai. West Siberia and Turkestan. 
WEST EUROPEAN TYPE. 
Poland. — In this country occur fifty-seven species of De- 
vonic corals. Only eight of these are identical with or are repre- 
* Die bedeutung der Korallen in den Devonischen ablagerungen Russlands 
[in Russian with an extended abstract in German]. By X. LBBKDRW. (A/em. 
du Comite G'ologique, xvii. No. 2, 1902, pp, i-x, 1-130 in Russian, 137-180 
in German, pis. I-V). 
