Faunal Provinces of America. — Schuchert. 139 
Petchora-land. — Here the Middle Devonic has eleven spec- 
ies and the Upper Devonic twelve, or together seventeen forms. 
The faunal aspect is that of West Europe and not that of the 
Urals. This is shown by the occurrence in both regions of 
rare forms, as Cyathophyllum minus and C. kuuthi. These 
species have much stratigraphic significance in Germany. A 
more decisive connection between the coral faunas of Petchora- 
land and West Europe is shown by the presence of Campo- 
phyllum in the Upper Devonic; also for the northern region of 
Russia but not for the Urals where another species of the gen- 
us is found. Further faunal connection is shown by the pres- 
ence of Acervularia and Phillipsastraea. Calophyllum, always 
rare in species, is represented by one form and is further proof 
"that there was close connection between the Devonic basin 
of West Europe and that of Petchora-land." The next nearest 
affinity is with West Siberia and the Altai. 
CENTRAL RUSSIAN TYPE. 
The main Devonic Held of European Russia. — This region 
is poor in corals, though certain species make considerable 
reefs in the upper zone of the Middle Devonic. Here nine 
species are known and, as is to be expected, five of these also 
occur in Central Russia. These are Aulopora serpens. A. 
tubaeformis, Favosites cristatus, Cyathophyllum caespifosum 
and C. hexagonum. The other species are Aulopora orthocer- 
ata, Chaeietes intricatus, Favosites reticulatus and Strombodes. 
The characterizing feature of the coral faunas of North and 
Central Russia is the absence of Coenitcs, Striatopora, Phil- 
lipsastraea, Acervularia and Endophyllum. 
Central Russia. — Here twenty-seven species are known. 
These are mainly from two horizons, i.e., fifteen species from 
the upper beds of the Middle Devonic and the same number 
from the uppermost zone of the Upper Devonic. The latter is 
strongly tinged with Carboniferous species as ten of the fifteen 
also pass upward. 
Of the fifteen Middle Devonic species, twelve also occur 
in West Europe but only five in Poland and these are cosmo- 
politan forms. This area has Favosites 1. Chaetetes 1, Syringo- 
poridae 5, Cyathophyllidae 8. 
Note the absence here of Cystiphyllum, Acervularia and 
Phillipsastraea, forms widely distributed in the Middle, and 
lowest Upper Devonic. 
