Faunal Provinces of America. — Schuchert. 145 
and western provinces, yet it is more properly placed in the 
eastern area. Here occur such characteristic species of the 
eastern area as Spirifer mucronatus arkonensis, S. granulosus, 
S. audaculus, S. divaricatus, Cyclorhina nobilis, Pentamerella 
pavillionensis, Chonetes coronatus, etc. Of species of the 
western area one finds an abundance of Stropheodonta crrati- 
ca, also Gypidula, Spirifer subattenuata and 6". asper. 
The common brachiopods of the western area are decided- 
ly different from those of the eastern area, and while there is a 
considerable number of species common to both, yet these are 
forms of great geographic and geologic distribution. In the 
western area occur Nezvberria, Gypidula, Cyrtina with the 
fold and sinus plicated, Pugnax, a great abundance of Stro- 
pheodonta of the 6". erratica group, and Schisophoria. Of 
Spirifer there are such characteristic forms as 6\ pennatus, 
while the absence of 5. mucronatus and 6". granulosus is signi- 
ficant. 
The crinoids and blastoids of the western area also are 
specifically different from those of the eastern area, while 
those of Alpena agree fairly well with the species found in the 
Louisville, Kentucky, and Columbus, Ohio, regions. 
Teller and Monroe* have listed the Middle Devonic fauna 
of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and enumerate about 173 species. 
Much of the material remains undescribed and the writer be- 
lieves that some of the brachiopods, but more particularly the 
pelecypods, will be found to have been erroneously identified. 
However, accepting the list nearly as it stands, it is seen that 
97 species are specially determined. Of these, 73 also occur 
in the eastern area. Adding to the undetermined material the 
20 species restricted to the western province, we have a total 
of 92 forms not known in the eastern area. 
A further analysis of this list shows that not a single 
cephalopod, gastropod (excepting Platyceras which has no 
stratigraphic significance), or crinoid is common to the Mil- 
waukee and the eastern areas. Further, of the great coral 
fauna of the eastern sea (about 600 species), only three forms 
occur at Milwaukee. Of the eastern brachiopods the follow- 
ing are found: Atrypa spinosa, Chonetes scitulus, C. vicinus, 
Craniella hamiltoniae, Cyrtina haniiltonensis, Spirifer conso- 
* Jour. Geo!., vii, 1899. pp. 272-283. 
