Faunal Provinces of America. — Schuchert. 149 
the adjoining areas was then land or the Kankakee axis was 
completely effective in separating the eastern and western 
seas. 
Comparing the Mississippian Middle Devonic coral faunas 
with those of certain areas determined by Lebedew, it is seen 
that the} - have not the Eurasiatic fades, It is in vain that one 
seeks for such characteristic elements of the "West European 
type" as Spongophyllum, Endophyllum, Mesophyllum, Camp- 
ophyllum, Heliolites, Calophyllum, Coelophyllum, Mctrio- 
ph villi in, Pachyphyllum and Calceola. On the other hand, a 
closer communication between Eastern America and North- 
western Europe is indicated by the fact that in these two re- 
gions are found in abundance massive and branching Favos- 
ites, some 'Phillip astrcea, Am plexus, Hadropliylhim, Micro- 
ex cl us, Michelinia and Roemcria. 
The Dakota coral faunas occurring in western Michigan, 
Wisconsin, Iowa and Missouri and extending westward to the 
Pacific and northward from Arizona to the Arctic coast, are 
all of the Eurasiatic type. It is only in these western and 
northern areas of American Devonic provinces that many of 
the genera above noted as not found in eastern America occur, 
namely, Spongophyllum, Endophyllum, Campophyllum, Hel- 
iolites and Pachyphyllum. 
The Devonic Eurasiatic faunas are now known in the Da- 
kota sea from southern Minnesota south to Callaway and Mon- 
iteau counties, Missouri, north through Manitoba into the far 
north in the Mackenzie River basin and the Arctic coast of 
Alaska. In the "Cordilleran sea"' (Walcott) these same faunas 
are found in southwestern Colorado, Bisbee and Rio Yerde, 
Arizona (here occurs the Iowan Upper Devonic), White Pine 
and Eureka Districts. Nevada, and the Yellowstone Park ; 
while in the "California sea" (Walcott) they also occur at 
many localities in northwestern California and southern 
Alaska. 
The barrier that more or less effectively prevented the 
mingling of the faunas of the Mississippian and Dakota seas 
during Hamilton and Chemung times is here named the Kan- 
kakee axis or peninsula. To the writer it seems that during 
Onondaga time all of Iowa, Missouri and northern Illinois 
was land. After the beginning of Hamilton time, the Dakota 
