206 The American Geologist. October, 1903 
In that paper no boundaries were given to the different divis- 
ions. They were not known at that time. A considerable num- 
ber of fossils which in that paper are stated to occur in the 
Lower Richmond are now known to come from the next di- 
vision. The thickness of this division is about fifty feet. The 
clay is often of an intense blue, or greenish blue color. The 
limestones are rather of a dove color than blue, though there 
is considerable variation in the matter of color. In the lowest 
layers Dalmcmella jugosa (James), or a small variety of it, is 
very abundant. 
Good exposures may usually be found in the vicinity of 
Waynesville, Ohio, from -which place the name has been chosen. 
These beds are also exposed at Clarksville, O., (Stony Hollow 
of Rocky Run) ; near Oregonia, O., (Langstreth's Branch) ; 
below Camden, O., (Seven Mile creek) ; at Oxford, O., (Col- 
lins or Bull Run and its branches) ; at Roseburg, three miles 
south of Liberty, Ind., (Hannah creek) ; at Versailles, Ind. ; 
at Madison, Ind. ; and at numerous other points. 
Rhynchotrema cap ax (Conrad) and Streptelasma rusticum 
(Billings) are considered among the most characteristic fossils 
of the Richmond group, being restricted to it. Neither of these 
forms occurs in the lowest beds of the Waynesville formation, 
and the Rhynchotrema cap ax (Conrad), rarely, if at all, in the 
upper part.* Leptaena rhomboidalis (Wilckens) occurs abun- 
dantly in the upper part of the Waynesville beds, but in no other 
division of the Richmond. This is a remarkable form, which 
is considered to range from the Trenton to the Waverly. The 
form so identified f in the Utica of Cincinnati is distinct 
enough to deserve the specific name given by U. P. James, L. 
gibbosa.% Leptaena rhomb oidalis% does not occur in the Lor- 
* It requires long, careful, painstaking collecting to ascertain the verti- 
cal range of fossils. It is seldom that an exposure does not contain strata 
belonging to more than one subdivision. As the better preserved and more 
desirable fossils are usually free, having been washed out from the clay, one 
cannot always be sure from just which layers they have been derived. By 
digging out and washing the clays and by taking slabs of limestone directly 
from the layers in 8itu and washing off their surfaces, the occurrence of fos- 
sils may beascertained But this has been done only to a limited extent. 
t See Schhchert, Bull. V. S. Gcol. Kur.. No; 87, 1S97. p. 240. 
t Cincinnati Quar. Jour. Sci., i, 1874, p. 333. 
§ It is a question whether this Richmond form does not deserve a new 
name unless it should prove that Wilckens' type was derived from the Waynes- 
ville beds. The writer is of the opinion that the interests of science are 
better subserved by naming distinguishable forms, even though closely re- 
lated, especially if derived from different horizons, than by throwing together 
under one specific name a multitude of forms varying distinguishably from 
the type form, even if these can be proved to have been derived from one 
ancestral form . 
