24 The Ainerican Geologist. juiy, i89i 
huiulred iiutl lifty feet in width. Tlie pebbles in the gra\el are 
nowhere large, not having Ijeen met with as large as a hen's egg, 
and on the face of the I )uck mountain the}- are lieautifull}- assorted, 
becoming finer as the ridges are followed north from A' allej- river. 
At Drifting river the}' are about as large as pigeons' eggs, at 
Fork river al)out as large as peas. At Duck river the ridges are 
composed of sand. This gradual diminution of the size of the 
pebbles was traced especially in the ridges that at the Valley river 
have elevations of 1,135 and 1,084 feet respectively. Farther 
north, along the face of the Porcupine mountains, the ridges 
wherever examined were composed of sand and fine gravel. 
Between the Manitoba escarpment and the lakes ancient beaches 
ha\'e been found in but few places, and in some of these they ap- 
peared to be discontinuous while in others they were not followed. 
At one of these places on Pine creek a well-defined ridge of gravel 
is determined by the old location of the Canadian Pacific Kailway 
to have an elevation of 960 feet. None of the beach ridges, 
however, are stronger than those around the adjoining lakes at the 
present day, and some spits and bars on the shores of these lakes 
are much larger than any of those seen around the basin of the 
extended glacial lakes. 
One of the most interesting monuments of ancient shore phe- 
nomina in the whole district is Kettle hill, on the south side of 
Swan lake. This lake has an estimated elevation of twenty-seven 
feet above lake Winnipegosis or 85o feet above the sea, and the 
hill which appears to have been largely composed of Dakota 
sandstone rises 275 feet abo\e it. On the face of this hill are 
five distinct terraces representing six different shore lines at eleva- 
tions of 920, 955, 995, 1,015, 1,070 feet above the sea, those at 
955, 995 and 1,070 being most strongly marked, the last Jteing 
the most distinct. 
On the north side of lake ^^'innipegosis the eastern Mossy 
portage is a gravel ridge rising at its extreme summit 93 feet 
above the surface of that lake, or 921 feet above the sea. Just to 
the southward, the north shore of the lake rises to the top of the 
portage l)y three distinct steps 27, G3 and 93 feet in hight. The 
last is the summit of the portage ridge, and the first is the summit 
of another well marked gravel ridge behind which is occasionally 
a trougli ten feet deep, marking a shore line about 15 feet al)ove 
the present hight of the lake, or 843 above the sea. This shore 
