The Intumescens Fauna. — Clarke. 99 
In 1878 the same author gave the same order of succession, 
showing that the Schistes a Cardium palmatum occupy a distinct 
horizon between the Frasnien, or Cuboides limestone, and the 
Famennien or the normal horizon of Spirifer disjiuictus.* In 
other words, in this section, they occup}- the position of the 
Goniatite or Intumescens fauna, and in absence of the latter 
in its fuller development, represent it. . 
In the Domanik-schiefer of the Petschora Land.t the Iberger- 
kalk of the Hartz,t the shales of Torba}', || and of Lower Duns- 
combe, I in Devonshire, it is coexistent with the goniatite facies 
of the Intumescens fauna. 
On the continent of Europe the faunas of the lower Upper 
Devonian are vai'iable in facies. In the classical Eifel sec- 
tion immediateh" above the niveau of the Stringocephalus lime- 
stone or the middle Devonian, the brachiopod facies prevails (the 
Cuboides-schichten ), followed above b}- the typical Goniatiten- 
schichten, abundant in Goniatites Simplices. In the region about 
Aachen the brachiopod or Cuboides facies is again strongly devel- 
oped and the predominance of the brachiopod element is continued 
through the oA'^erlying beds, the Yerneuili-schiefer and Yerneuili- 
sandstein of Kayser. Here the cephalopod facies is again virtually' 
wanting or insigniflcantl}- developed. In "Westphalia, at Bredelar 
in the vicinity of Brilon, and at Adorf, the goniatite beds of the 
middle Devonian are directly overlaid by the goniatite limestone of 
the Intumescens zone. According to Kayser, the upper Devonian of 
this region is divisible into the lower zone ( "Intumescens") and 
an upper, which he has termed the " Munsteri zone;" and the 
latter is again divisible into the " Cypridiuen-schiefer ' below and 
the " Clymenien-schichten " above. 
In the Iberg-Winterberg terrain of the Hartz we have a remark- 
able faunal association ; an unlaminated massif contains not onl}' 
the index fossils of the Cuboides and Intumescens zones, but an 
actually predominating number of middle Devonian species ; in 
other words, it appears to be an encroachment upon a niitldle 
Devonian fauna, of faunas of later date, the facies of which, 
usually differently developed elsewhere, are here still undif- 
ferentiated. 
*l{igby's Thesaurus Devonico-Carboniferus, p. 122. 
fKeyserling, Eine Reise in das Petschora-land, p. 254, 1846. 
tCIarke, Fauna des Iberger-kalks ; Neues Jahrb. 1884, Beil. IJiid. iii, 
p. 380. 
II Lee, Geological Magazine, new ser, vol. Iv, p. 100, 1877. 
^Ussher Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xlvi, p. 500, 1890. 
