100 Tlce American Geologist. Augitst, isoi 
In the Ural mountains the phenomena are similar in many 
respects to those of the Iberger-kalk. Tsehernjschew saj's :*" 
"The strata P^^^, characterized by the prevalence of limestone, 
with some bituminous layers and sandstone, abound in places in, 
brachiopods which distinguish the Cuboides beds of the Eifel and 
Belgium ; in some localities, however, there are goniatites in great, 
numbers belonging to the group of the Primordiales and other 
forms somewhat common in the goniatite strata of western Eu- 
rope. In many cases this formation includes a gi-eat number of 
forms characteristic of the Iberger-kalk, where, according to Kay- 
ser and Clarke both the brachiopod and goniatite facies are rep- 
resented."' 
"Without citing further phases of the lower Upper-Devoniaa 
fauna, enough has been given to show that the terms Cuboidea 
zone. Goniatite zone and Intumescens zone are, in a broad sense, 
essentiall}' equal time values and onh- expressions of varying- 
phases or facies of equivalent faunas. 
The Intumescens zone in its best development, perhaps in "West- 
phalia, is a horizon of limestones, it is therefore a noteworthy 
fact that there should exist so great a similarity in composition 
between the limestone fauna of Martenberg ( Adorf ) and that of 
the shah" and sand}' sediments of western New York. 
The Tullj' limestone of New York has been long regarded,, 
especially by European writers, as the equivalent of the Cuboides- 
fauua of the lower Upper Devonian. It is usual to find through- 
out European literature, in discussions upon the comparative value 
of these faunas and in comparative lists of species, this Tully 
limestone referred to the Imse of the Upper Devonian. The- 
writer has himself thus referred to it on several occasions, f This 
is not the position in the geological scale to which it has beeu 
assigned by professors Hall, Dana and the American geologists 
generally. This limestone is the American horizon of Rhyn- 
choneJIa cuhoides (as identified b}' Conrad in 1842, R. venustula 
Hall, 1867 ), but this species is the sole distinctive representative 
of the Cuboides fauna in a fauna otherwise essentially of middle 
Devonian age. The case is not parallel to that of the I berg 
limestone fauna ; in the latter the middle Devonian element, 
*Die Fauna des mittleren und oberen Devon am West-abhange des- 
Urals, p. 10, 1887. 
+Die Fauna des Ibergcr-kalkes, p. 38.5. Forty-second Ann. Rept. 
N. Y. State Museum, p. 405, 1889. See also Paljeontology of New- 
York, vol. vii, p. 13. 
