Review of Literature. 115 
general with the discovery, geological relations, mode of occurrence, and 
composition of the nickel and copper ores in the Districts of Algoma and 
Nipissing, together with their preliminary metallurgical treatment as 
carried on in this district. The discovery of nickel in Canada dates 
back to 1846, when its existence in workable quantities at the Wallace 
Mine, on lake Huron, was made known. In 1856, Dr. T. Sterry Hunt in 
his analysis of some trap collected by Mr. Alex Murray of the Geological 
Survey from the northwestern corner of the township of Waters, showed 
that small quantities of nickel and copper were present. These deposits 
are composed of very intimately mixed chalcopyrite and nickeliferous 
pyrrhotite. The detection at some of the openings of polydymite, a fer- 
riferous sulphide of nickel, as well as a few undoubted crystals of niil- 
lerite seems to justify the assumption that in the more highly nickel- 
iferous deposits, at least, the nickel is also present as a sulphide dissem- 
inated through the ore mass like the iron and copper. These sulphides 
may be said to occur in three distinct ways : 
1st, as contact deposits of pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite situated be- 
tween the clastic rocks, such as felsites quartzites, etc., and intrusive 
diabase or gabbro, or between these latter and granite or micropeg- 
matite. 
2d, as impi'egnations of these minerals through the diabase or gabbro 
which are sometimes so rich and considerable as to form workable 
deposits. These sulphides are in no case present as disseminations 
through the clastic rocks very distant from the diabase or gabbro which 
seems clear evidence that they have been brought up by the latter. 
3d, as segregated veins which may have been filled subsequently ,to 
the intrusion which brought up the more massive deposits. These veins 
are not very common although certain portions of the more massive de- 
posits may have been dissolved out and re-deposited along certain faults 
and fissures. 
Assays made for the Canadian Copper Co., by Mr. F. L. Sperry, the 
chemist, show a range in the percentage of nickel from 1.12 per cent, to 
4.21 per cent, with an average of 2.38 per cent., while the copper varied 
frorti 4.03 per cent, to 9.98 per cent, with an average of 6.44 per cent. 
Mr. Hoffmann, of the Geological Survey, assayed four samples which 
showed the nickel contents to vary from 1.9.") per cent, to 3.10 per cent, 
with an average of 2.2.5 per cent. The metallurgical treatment com- 
mences at the roast where the ore is piled in rectangular heaps on pre- 
viously laid cord wood and roasted for 50 to Todays and when thoroughly 
done should contain about 7 or 8 per cent, of sulphur. It is then smelted 
in a very perfect water-jacketed furnace, the resulting product or 
'matte" containing about 27 per cent, copper and 14 per cent, nickel. 
This is then packed in barrels and shipped to the various refineries of 
the United States or Europe according to their respective bids. 
The paper in question is the best report we have seen as yet upon the 
Sudbury region, and no one interested in the geological and mineralogi- 
cal problem involved, as well as the metallurgical points with which it 
deals, can be without it. 
On the Sequence of Strata forming the Quebec Group of Logan and 
