116 The American Geologist. August, i89i 
BnZiiigs, \illh rciiutrks on the Fossil Remains foutul thcrchi. liy IIexuv 
M. Ami, M. A., F. G. S., etc., of the Geolofrical Survey of Canada. 
The above is the title of a paper communicated to the Royal Society 
of Canada by Dr. G. M. Dawson at its meeting in Montreal last May. 
The paper dealt with the geological facts and grounds upon which the 
Quebec group rested and made it a necessary terra in the geological 
sequence of strata in North America, but especially in the Province of 
Quebec. . 
The separation of the various formations constituting this natural 
group based upon faunal as well as on other physical relations, pointed 
clearly to the existence of such a series of highly fossilferous sediment- 
ary strata as that which Sir William Logan had recognized and Mr. Bil- 
lings so clearly demonstrated early in the sixties. 
The removal of the so-called Hudson River black graptolitic shales, etc., 
such as are met at Quebec City, on the island of Orleans, along the 
Marsouin river, and other places in the Province of Quebec, and at Nor- 
mans Kiln in New York state, in Penobscot Co., Maine, etc., from the 
upper-most position in the Ordovician system i.e., immediately above the 
Utica formation, or just below the base of the Silurian (Upper Silurian) 
system was absolutely necessary in the light of facts, whether palaeon- 
tological, stratigraphical or of other physical reasons. 
The characteristics of this series of rocks when studied in the field as 
well as in closer detail, point clearly to its intimate relation and asso- 
ciation with the L^vis formation of Sir William Logan's Quebec group. 
The Levis formation and the Quebec formation along with the Sillery, 
form a group of three formations which are capable of being subdivided 
in many instances into smaller zones and subdivisions, but all of which 
were deposited under similar conditions at a period forming the lower 
half of the Carabro-Silurian or Ordovician period in geology. It will 
thus appear that the rocks constituting the Quebec formation (which 
term has been used to designate the hitherto so-called Hudson River 
graptolitic shales, having been adopted by Prof. Walcott and other 
American geologist,) form part and parcel of the Quebec group of Sir 
William Logan and fall naturally as a division of that group. * 
The intimate relations stratigraphical, palseontological and physical 
which exist between these three terranes are very evident, and the paper 
goes on to deal with the faunas entombed in each. Extreme care has 
been taken to base all deduction, whether pahcontological or otherwise, 
on facts, and whether the species of fossils found and noted occur in situ 
or not, in loose bowlders scattered in the fields, or whether they occur in 
pebbles or in the paste of conglomerates and conglomerate-like bands, 
also where they occur, and the precise locality and place in the series 
have been ascertained, so as to leave out possibilities of error as much as 
possible in a problem, which, like the present one,aflfords such diversity of 
relations and complexity of structure. 
This paper is in fact a sequel to the author's paper read before the 
Geological Society of America at Washington last December, and pub- 
lished amongst the Bulletins of that Society last April. (See Bull. Geol. 
Soc. Am.. Vol. 2, p. 4, TF — .")02, Plate 20.) It will contain a synoptical 
