1()2 TIk Auk ricd II ( rcnloff/sf . S-i'tfinber, 1891 
siiKill fragments of pmnice, also of colored clays and sands whicli when 
mixed with lime ( CaOjHj. ) is used as a hydraulic cement which de- 
velopes nearlj' as much tensile, torosile and adhesive strength as Roman 
cement; this is an acid conglomerate of grains and small fragments of 
volcanic materials the majority of which represent the early and middle 
part of the ashes-and-cinder-eruption in some period of explosive 
volcanic activity. 
( 1) ) A stratum of line sand, 4 to 4}^ inches thick, loose, uncompacted, 
slightly colored, light orange brown by hydrous oxides of iron. 
( c ) A stratum 2 to 2)4, hard, of ejecta conglomerate, 4 to i)4 f^et 
thick, coarse grains and small fragments well mixed, of a dark grey 
color spotted with hard black fragments of metamorphosed hornblende. 
( d ) A stratum of fine sand, uncompacted, resembling ( b) in color, 
2% to 3 inches thick. 
(e ) A stratum of the same compositioD, hardness and color as (c) 
above described, 2H to 3 feet thick. 
( f ) A stratum of fine, loose sand, 2 to ;j inches thick of a light orange 
color. 
( g ) A stratum 2 to 2^^ feet thick of the same composition and color 
as ( c ) and ( e ) above described but harder, nearly •} hard. 
( h ) A stratum of fine, uncompacted sand, 1 13 to 2 inches thick, light, 
reddish brown color. 
( i ) A stratum composed of the same kind of materials and of the 
same color as ( c ) and ( e ), and about as hard as ( g ) above described, 
bearing intaglioes in the upper surface of numerous deep impressions of 
the feet of man and domestic animals, also containing, sunken until nearly 
covered, in its surface a few roughly polished stone implements, arrow 
heads, etc. 
(j) A stratum of fine sand, uncomi)acted, the interspaces filled with 
water two and a half to three inches thick (4); it is colored light reddish 
brown by iron oxides, and has changed position and associates more 
than once since the Miocene period of the Cenozoic era. 
( k ) A deposit, below the usual level of the water in lake Managua, 
more than ten feet thick, of unknown thickness ( I excavated onlj' about 
ten feet, into this stratum when the water came in so rapidly as to cause 
work to cease ), but, probably it is several hundred feet thick, '/«(w//- 
pKcti'd materials of the same composition as the harder strata above 
it; the water appears to have prevented the hardening of this deposit of 
volcanic ejecta conglomerate. 
The diflferent strata of sand in the above dcscriltcd. wciv de- 
posits from the ordinary currents of water after tlu' usual rains; 
jiiul other autlioritics, in Ix'iiij.' composed of grains, jjarticlcs and fragments of rocks of 
irregnlar sliaues, and ])ie(es of minerals from the size of a MM. diahieter to diameters 
of several CM., all ejected from volcanoes, and some particles softened afterward hy 
meteoric intlnences, then transported from the sides of volcanic masses and the valleys 
between them, as Hoods of nind and (lei)osited stratigrapliically. 
( 4 ) This stratum has, strangely, been mistaken for " M-iocene-period sand," and so 
published in Kiirope: it fi^nred prominently in an article i)nblislied in the Proceeding's 
of the Victoria Institute, London, 1KH7, declaring the existence of man, these footprints, 
in Nicaranirua in the Miocene i)eriod. See Proc. Victoria Institute ISSli or ISST. 
