lieviev.i of Recent Geological Litrratare. 183 
Italy, Austria, Germany and Sweden. Hitherto onlj' a single jaw has 
■been obtained from a cave ( Naulet'e ) in Belgium." 
One of these skulls is apparently that of an old woman, the other that 
•of a middle-aged man. They are both very thick. The former is clearlj- 
•dolichocephalic ( index 70), the other less so. Both have very promi- 
nent eyebrows and large orbits with low retreating foreheads, exces- 
sively so in the woman. The lower jaws are heavy, the older has almost 
no projecting chin. The teeth are large, and the last molar is as large 
«s the others. These points are characteristic of an inferior and the 
•oldest known race. 
The bones indicate, like those of Neanderthal and Naulette, small 
square shouldered individuals.'' 
M. Lohest adds : 
" The skeletons from Spy are one of the most important discoveries 
Telating to the oldest known race of men." " The cave shows three 
ossiferous layers, and remains of the mammoth occur in all three." 
'" Stone implements chipped only on one face indicate the ' mousterian ' 
type of industrj'." 
" The relics of the three layers indicate an advance in the character 
•of the workmanship." 
"The second layer by its association of chipped tools with ornaments 
•of ivory and bone shows its close relationship to the ' mousterian ' type, 
and at the same time is free from all suspicion of accidental mixture." 
" The study of the bones of the lowest level proves beyond doubt that 
the earliest race of men as yet known in Belgium, had a skull of the 
1;ype of ' Neanderthal ' and used instruments of the • mousterian ' pat- 
tern." 
In the above discovery we have at last clear and indisputable 
"traces of the men whom up to now we have known almost entirely 
by their tools. A few disjointed l)ones not free from suspicion, 
are now fortified by evidences that cannot be gainsaid, and the 
■old Canstadt or Neanderthal race stands ])efore us as an extinct 
but real ancestor. 
HEYIEW OF EECEJSTT GEOLOGICAL 
LITEEATURE. 
C'oiifjrh (r('olo(/i(iu6 Inter nut ioiud. Compte rendu de la 4//tr,' Session. 
London, 1891. This volume, which appeared in America but a few days 
before the opening of the fifth session of the international congress, 
■consists of four parts and four appendixes. It has six geological maps and 
eighty figures ; also a plate of five profiles through the crystalline schists 
■of the western Alps. Part I. is a historical account of the Congress and 
its origin. Part II. embraces the daily record of the meetings of the 
Congress. Part III. the most important and valuable, embodies the 
.actual new work which was transacted by the Session. Here are papers 
