11)0 y/<< Aiii> iKil II (i) uliK/tsf. iSfptfinber, IWIJ 
the process of submergence, but there is no doubt but that the same sys- 
tem of ups and downs would exist as now characterizes the south side of 
the Island. 
There may be some other explanation foimd for the formation of the 
beaches at East Hampton, but as I stood on their summits and looked 
northward, the old lines of drainage from the moraine to the sea were 
plainly traceable, and I am very confident that they are glacial in origin. 
The study is full of interest, as much so as the coral formations of 
tropical shores, as remarked by Prof. Shaler, and many problems con- 
nected with it remain to be solved. Future discoveries, I think will 
prove that oscillation has had little to do with the formation of either. 
EiiKtport, L. L, A'Kjiist !). ls!U. .John Bkyson. 
Viejo range of NifttrniinK. I have just arrived here from an examina- 
tion of tlie 18 mile long volcanic mas>*, Viij<> — in front or north of this- 
town — and found at a distance of about three leagues from the south 
base of its cones, fifty-six large springs of water issuing from fissures,, 
all along the south side, at elevations of 40 to 80 feet above the Pacific- 
ocean: also one spring of cool water flowing from a small clay-bottonv 
basin, at an altitude of about 4,000 feet above the ocean, the highest 
cone, except one toward the west, which is 5,670 feet above the ocean. 
On the north side of the cerro are several ( 8 or 10 ) large springs of 
tepid water, two of which contain so large a percentum of CaCOj as to- 
have deposited hundreds of thousands of tons of calcareous tufas — 
nearly pure — 6 to 18 inches thick. In many places in this tufa the lime 
has substituted organic matter in perfection so as to display the most 
delicate venation of leaves, molds of annelids and insects, the tissues of 
trees, etc. These springs on the north side of the volcanic mass, flow 
into a tide-water estu«iry which extends for about 70 miles eastwardly 
from the gulf of Fonseca and " heads " at several springs of hot water,, 
at the N. E. base of the cerro, in a valley which extends for about 20- 
miles eastward to lake Managua. I liave drafted the skeleton for a 
paper descriptive of this volcanic cerro. J. Crawford. 
Chichiyiilpit^ Niairiiyini, 27th June, 1891. 
PERSOXAL AN J) SCIP^XTIFIC NEWS. 
TiiF. Kansas City Scientist for .July. ISOl. has a paper de- 
scriViiui!; S'lnu- niic sprcits uf EcliiiKuhriniita. by l*rof. R. R. 
Rowley and Sid. J. Hare. A plate containing twenty figures 
drawn by Prof. Rowley aoeonipaiiies the paper. Fifteen new 
species are described. The despairing paheontologist is disposed 
to ask how many more new species of crinoids the Subcarbonifer- 
ous strata of the Mississippi valley are going to furnish! 
The University of Tow.v has received from Prof. ('. A. Wliit- 
