(JliK-Kil Kpocji in X'tcd i-(t<nni . ( 'ril ii't'of*! . •><•*•• 
From oacli hill there i)r()jects. in the direetion of tlie Uio Seii)et:i. 
;\ ridi>e. apparently eomi)ose(l of tlie same materials as the hills*. 
Anotlier valley extends eastwardly from near the centre of 
3Iesa Turcos. and is the he:id of the liydrouraphie area, whose 
Avaters flow throngh the IJio 'I'mioia ( •■l^rineapnlka. " on the gen- 
erally eonsnlted but very incorrect maps, liaileys. etc.. of this 
country) into the Caril)l)ean sea. 
This valley also has a cafKtn cut out in it. the sti'eam com- 
numcini>- in snuiU cascades that continue in series for aV)out two 
miles. Some of these series have a fall of from three to twenty 
feet. This canon is cut down throuii'h rock for nearly two hun- 
dred and fifty feet before enterinu- an elevated \)\w\\\ of oval- 
))aeked rocky ridoes formed on the eastern boundary of the mesa. 
Smooth oval-surfaced areas and deeply striated masses of rock 
are fretiuently visible in and near the bed of the small stream 
whicli tlows through this valley and cafion. Ouly a few scattered 
hills and ridges, but jjartially examined, wen- composed of un- 
assorted (U^j)osits of ])oulders. rock-fragnu^its. sand and clay, 
but these, in some parts of the ridges, were cemented together. 
The thii-d shallow \alley on .Mesa Turcos is the head of the 
watershed of several creeks which How northward and then north- 
eastward through Kios liokay and Segovia C-Waux" or -('oco") 
into the ('aril)l)ean sea at Cape (Iracias a Dios. At about a mile 
from its head, it divides into two canons, in which, at short in- 
tervals, occur series of cascades. These canons, like those pre- 
viously uu'ntioned. continue t() increase in depth and widtli. ha\- 
ing. where they leave the gi-anite or gneiss and enter the highly 
inclined later strata, a depth of about 12") feet, and thence deep- 
ening until several hundred feel deep befoi-e reaching the lower 
foot-hills. The widtli of each canon, while in the granite, is at 
top about ll<l(i feet, and across the bed al)out foi'ty feet, iucreas- 
inii' locally to seventy or eiglily. In tlu' later formations. tlu'V 
widen ra|)idly. maintaining m-aily pcrpeiulicular walls, and their 
channels resolve into laliyrinths of passage-ways lu'tween numer- 
ous columns and smooth-c'dge<l lioulders some lifteen feet high, so 
intricate that, during an examination made, accompanied by two 
Indians, in one of these labyrinths, several passage-ways were 
unsiu'cessfully attempte<l an<l nnich tinu' was lost in trying to get 
*Doubtless these would be designated "moraines" in ^Minnesota, New 
York, or Canada. 
