(r/tic/til hj>()c/i III y, ii-(i rdij nil . — ( 'rii irfiinl. ''51') 
stnitified iiuit(."ruil>s. vt't I could not i)i'rsu;i(lc myself that the 
rocks, pebldes. clays, sniids nnd pieces of lignite composing these 
hills, knolls, and ravines had lieen transported to and deposited 
in this valley 1)V water. 1 found, it is true, many loose boulders 
at varions places on the side of the mountain, too many. T 
thought, to remain in such places after a glacier had moved over 
them: l)ut. possibly those boulders were de))osited liy some melt- 
ing ice-sheet. 
Other evidences in the Xiearagua ot a (ilaeial epoch. sul)se:[Uent 
to the Pliocene, have Ik'cu discovered and examined by me. but 
none found to be so distinct and impri'ssive as those herein de- 
scribed. 
Hj'drographic charts, made by l)oth the 1'. S. Coast and Geo- 
detic Survey and the British Admiralty, of soundings of the 
Caribbean sea. from the coast of Nicaragua east to the Atlantic 
ocean, show (besides the bed of one. or possibly two. old lakes or 
inland seas whose present V)eds are 1.000 to l.!IUO fathoms l)i>low 
the present surface of the sea) long. deep, wide holes in the lied 
of that sea. at intervals from the principal (really the old Plio- 
cene or ante-Pliocene I'ivers) month of each of the Rios Kscon- 
dido (Bluefield). Matagalpa ((h-ande). Tungla (Princapulka) and 
Segovia, which holes are traceable eastward to tlie wt'stern margin 
of the Atlantic ocean, or to al)out 0(J° west longitu<le on the east 
side of the Antilles, indicating that the channels of these rivers once 
extended out fifteen hundre(l miles further than at pri'sent. 
These sub-marine fiords an- wow nearly filled u^) l)y del»ris of 
l)rachiopods. cephalopods. mollusks. etc.. and in the shallow parts 
by corals. The average depth of this sea is aliout r).r)(HI feet. 
but if we consider the two \ cry (hn']) places as lakes existing in 
the early Tertiary jx'riod. then the average deptli of the Caiili- 
bean sea is less than r).(t(l(l feet. oi'. less in deplli than the altiludi- 
at present aI)ove its upper surface of sevei-al cerros in Nicaragua. 
The deep holes in apparent continuation of the former channels 
of some of the old i-ivers that eniptie<l from Nicai'agua into the 
Cariblx'an sea indicate, in connexion with the facts related in the 
foregoing j)art of this paper, that i/nnf <!< riitinii mirr nrrinri </ in 
that liitit)«li and I'iriilitii sullicient to have raised, far altovt' the 
surface of the water, almost all of the bed of the Caiiltlii'an sea. 
and to have extended the mountains in tln' central part of Nica- 
ragua far up into zones of snow and ice. pro(hicing a (Ilaeial 
