382 7//' Allli'I'trilit (it'l)liKl'ist . NdVt'iiilxT, 1H!»1 
told inillioiis dl' (lolhiiN of p)l<l lii'ld in solution liy the waters of 
the ocean, which have hceii dissolved out of the rocks of the 
earth 1)V tiie action of heated alkaline waters containing; silicn. 
that liave slowly leaciied and pi-rcolated their way throu<>h<)ut the 
crevices and porous substances of rocks, dissolvinu- out tlie infin- 
itesimal particles of ijold. The i)riniary source of the jiohl found 
at the surface of the earth is found to l»e in tiie earliest azoic 
granite: and from these granites it has heen a It ci('<l and formed over 
and over again through all the succeeding geological horizons to 
the present \)ei'iod. Or. in other words, tiie gold of the ancient 
Archeau granites fornu'd during the cooling of the earths crust, 
has Iteen dissolvt'd and precipitated and re-dissolved and re-pre- 
cij^itated, over and ovei'. throughout all the rocks of tiu' earths 
strata, from the very etirliest Azoic to the most recent Quater- 
nary period. Therefore gold may be sought for in every geologi- 
cal horizon: and has thus been found in more oi- less paying 
(pumtities from the \ cry eai ru'st rocks, up to the I'ecent alluvial 
and drift foiniations. However, in those veins of (piartz which 
are found in the (^uubrian and Lower Silurian strata, gold, in the 
nu'tallic state, intermixed amongst the (juartz. is found in far 
greater commercial (luantity. than in any othei- of the preceding 
or subsecpient geological horizons. Wherever gold has Ijeen 
found in very large ([uantity in eitiier vein or placer form, it has 
been found to be either in a (^inibro-Silurian series of slaty rocks 
and ([uartz. or else has resulted from the immediate decomposi- 
tion of those rocks. Du. AVii.i.is E. Evkrkttk. 
TiiK ('Ai.r.MKi' .\Mi Hkci.a .Mink is now Avorked at a depth on 
the lodi' of <jver 4,000 feet with an extent in length of about 
two and one-half miles. This mine is operated by fourteen 
shafts, one of which is a six-compartment shaft, now sunk to a 
perpendicular depth of about 2,500 feet; and which when completed 
will 1)1' upward of 5,000 feet deep. The aggregate power of the 
steam plant in use and under construction is some 37.500 horse 
power, including one engine of 4.700 horse power and eleven 
other engines of an average of 2.0(KI horse power each. The 
sttinip mills of this mine contain 1 S impi'oved Hall steam stamps, 
making fnjni 05 to !»S blows per minute and crushing al>out 4,500 
tons of rock of the lode in twenty-four hours. The thiee pump- 
ing engines have an aggregate capacity of 50.000.000 gallons in 
twenty-four hours: wliih' another triple expansion pumping en- 
gine, now nearly completed, has alone the capacity of (>0, 000, 000 
gallons in twenty-four hours. ]?esides the two sand wheels forty 
feet in diameter "capal)le of elevating some KnilOO.OOO to 18,000,- 
000 gallons of water and 1.(100 tons of sand per day. there is 
nearly completecl another wheel fifty-four fei't in dianu-ter. de- 
signed to elevate :;o.(lO(i.()(l(i gallons of water and ll.OOO tons of 
sand per <l:iy. 1>K. M. K. W.vdswohtm. 
