Rrro'ir of ]i,^<; lit ( r rohit/ /c<ll Litiiuit n r<\ yi'i^ 
port borders the Hay of Futidy. exteuding from tin- MaiiK' houudary on 
the west to the istlimur^ of Chiegnecto, uniting this jirovince w itli Nova 
Scotia, on the east. A southern hilh' and mountainous belt of crystal- 
line roclis, some thirty miles wide, runs along the coast; and back of 
this is a low, broad Carboniferous area, mucli of it beneatli the 'iOO feet 
contour line. Ivivor valleys, now jiartly submerged indicate that the 
country stood at a greater elevation, being not less than 200 feet liigher,. 
during late Tertiarj^ time; but after the departure of tlie ice of the 
Glacial period it was for some time depressed about 220 feet, as is known 
by fossiliferous marine beds overlying tlu; glacial drift, and the sea then 
<;overed the Chiegnecto isthmus. This subsidence agrees closely with 
that found by Prof. George H. Stone in Maine. From the depression 
the land was re-elevated considerably above its present lev(d, this being 
shown by a bed of peat at a depth of about 80 feet under the Tantramar 
salt marsh at the head of the liay of Fimdy. The latest movement has 
been downward, but seems to have ceased. Sea cliffs, beach ritlges, and 
salt marshes, show that now and at least for some centuries past the rel- 
ative levels of laud and sea have been nearly or quite stationary. 
Preglacial decayed rock antl beds of gravel on many tracts underlie 
the till, which is often thin or ahnost wholly wanting but oc('asionally 
attains a thickness of 50 or GO feet. Drumlins,* moraines, and kames oc- 
cur somewhat as in the New England states, and the region is nearly 
everywhere profusely strown with boulders. The Leda clays and Saxi- 
cava sands extend to the hight of about 220 feet; and at greater elevn- 
tions the district is prevailingly mantled with unfossiliferous beds of 
coarse gi-avel and sand, often irregular in their stratitication and contour. 
Chemiail (JontriOutt'oiix to the GeoliKjy of ('untnhi, from tin Liilun-iitonj of 
the Survey. By G. Ciiuistian IIoffm.\xn. pp. 08. This report comprises 
a large number of analyses and descriptions of coals and lignites, nat- 
ural waters, iron ores, limestones and dolomites, etc., with notes of 
about two hundred assays for gold and silver. 
Jteport on the Miniixj iiiul Mitiend Sfnlistt'es of ('hihiiIh for tin i/eor />§.>. 
By H. P. Buu.MEi.. pp. 1)3. The aggregate value of the mineral products 
of Canada during 1888 is tabulated as ^l<i,."»0O,000. (,'oal stands first, witii 
value somewiiat exceeding .$5,000,000. The product of iron, so far as 
statistics could be obtained, was nearly sjsi.liOO.OOO: of gold, about .$!,- 
000,000: copper, !t!G(iT,000; petroleum, .$755,000 ; asbestus, .$255,000, The 
total exports of mineral produ(!ts during the year was ^;4,7:J8,810, of 
which nearh' three ((uarters went to tin- United States, and ab(»ut one 
tenth to Great Britain. 
JMcisioii of .} fine rot Stuf/sf/rx uml MiiiiiKj: Ainiinil /I'ljiort for ISSfl. 
By Er.vHic Drew 1,n<;.\i,i,. pp. 124. The total mineral production during 
1889 was $10,500,000. Each of tiie products before six-cified for 18Ss 
shows an increase, excepting petroleum, which fell off about 20 per cent. 
The largest ratios of increase are for iron and asl)estus, eadi of which 
advanced about TO per ••ent.: and the value of the product of >f((l was 
