86 The American Geologist. August, 1893 
This formation is sometimes cavernous and sink holes are 
often characteristic. A few fossils have been obtained here 
which have not been found in other formations as Productus 
marginicinctus, Lithostrotion canadense, L. proliferum, Melo- 
nites multipora Voter iocrinus longidactylus. 
Certain quarries in St. Louis have afforded fine crystals of 
millerite, calcite, fluorite and dolomite. The Chester group 
may be only found in St. (ienevieve county. At the top of 
the Missouri Lower Carboniferous are found certain sandstone 
beds, of a buff or drab color, in St. Genevieve, where it affords 
an excellent building material. Of a similar character it is 
seen in the Missouri bluffs on the north side opposite Boon- 
ville, also near the road from Boonville to Marshall near the 
west line of Cooper county and south of LaMonte. On 
Oliver's prairie in Newton county, it affords an excellent flag- 
stone and also contains Lower Carboniferous brachiopoda. It 
is over 80 feet thick in the northeast part of Lawrence county 
and occurs in outlying beds near Joplin. In Callaway near 
Fulton its equivalent is a massive eherty conglomerate. In 
the northeast part of Callaway the sandstone is ferruginous. 
On Turkey creek, Cedar county, are castellated cliffs of well 
marked Ferruginous sandstone and in the southern part of 
Cedar it carries considerable iron ore, as it also does in the 
southwest part of Green. On Shoal creek in Lawrence county 
it is quite ferruginous. In the southeast part of Dade county 
it, carries copper sulphide. 
The Coal Measures occupy the northern and western part 
of the state and underlie an area of 23,100 square miles with 
a total aggregate thickness of about 2.000 feet, including 
about 170 feet in Atchison county and part of Holt which 
may be lower Permian. 
Most geologists have divided the Upper Carboniferous of 
Missouri and Iowa into the Upper. Middle and Lower Meas- 
ures. A micaceous sandstone was considered by Prof. Swallow 
to form the upper part of the Lower Coal Measures. But as 
that sandstone does not seem to be continuous, and is difficult 
to trace, I think it best to speak only of Upper and Lower 
coal measures, including the Lower and so-called Middle in 
one series. The Lower Coal Measures have an average thick- 
ness of 604 feet, all lying below No. 74 of the section of the 
