L56 The American Geologist. September, 1898 
The second division is aqueous deposition, which includes 
all deposition by standing and running water. J donot, how- 
ever, place in this division certain features resulting from 
the temporary action of glacial waters and which are too 
closely associated with glacial action to be conveniently sepa- 
rated. The most important products of aqueous deposition 
arc alluvial plains and deltas. To this class also belong lake 
beds which, when left dry from any cause, make plains, as the 
valley of the Red river of the North and the Quaternary lake 
beds in the Greal Basin. Other minor features of deposition 
due to the action of littoral currents are found associated 
with them, such as bars, spits, built terraces and alluvial cones 
deposited by tributary streams. Along the sea coast tide plains 
made dry by the elevation of the shore may foi m plains or 
marshes of considerable extent, and with them may be found 
other features resulting from littoral action such as beaches 
and terraces. 
Chemical deposition maybe considered a special case of 
aqueous deposition and so may be placed in this division. 
Examples of its action are the various forms of silicious sin- 
ter deposited by the springs and geysers in the Yellowstone 
Park and the great masses of calcareous tufa in the basin of 
Lake Lahontan. 
The third division is glacial deposition. This is a most 
important agency in giving to certain regions their final to- 
pographic characters, though none of its products are of very 
great magnitude. This division includes the deposition of 
transported material- by the ice itself and the constructive ac- 
tion of glacial water. Both processes are inseparably con- 
nected and many forms are tin- result of their common action. 
Moraines, kaines. drumlins. osars, and drift plains, belong to 
this division. 
The fourth division, eolian deposition, is of less importance 
and gives rise only to minor local forms, such as dunes, ridges 
and sand plains. 
The fifth division i> local or special deformation. It is of- 
ten associated with earthquake action, producing local eleva- 
tion- or depressions, but it> most important product is fault 
scar])- resulting from gradual and more extended displace- 
ments. Of course a line of cliffs- resulting from a fault may 
