Pleistocene Papers at the Madison Meetings. 169 
Mr. C. D. Walcott remarked that while the North Ameri- 
can continent may have been uplifted as a whole or in large 
part to great hights, it has not been in any considerable portion 
profoundly submerged; nor is there geologic evidence of any 
lately lost Atlantis continent, but instead the Atlantic ocean 
basin and its bordering continental plateaus seem to be very 
ancient as grand geographic features. 
Evidences of the Derivation of the Karnes, Eskers, and Mo- 
raines of the Worth America,, he-sheet chiefly from its Engla- 
cial Drift. By Warren Upham, Somerville, Mass. The massive 
kame hills forming the marginal moraine called the backbone 
of Long Island eastward from Roslyn were shown to have 
been accumulated at the mouths of superglacial or englacial 
rivers, not by subglacial drainage, since any streams under 
the ice bringing these deposits would have traversed the low 
area of Long Island sound, being there under 400 to 500 
feet of hydraulic pressure. An esker called the Pinnacle hills 
at Rochester, N. Y., rising 100 to 200 feet from a plain area 
and extending about four miles, contains from base to top 
pebbles, cobbles, and even large boulders of Niagara limestone 
which must have been derived from outcrops of that forma- 
tion within three or four miles on the north. Their upward 
transportation seems impossible for a subglacial stream, and 
it is ascribed to basal ice currents ascending from the ground 
perhaps one or two degrees, that is, 90 or 180 feet per mile. 
Again, the Devil's Heart hill, which is a very high kame south 
of Devil's lake, North Dakota, Bird's hill, an esker seven 
miles northeast of Winnipeg, Manitoba, and the great retreat- 
al moraines at each side of the glacial lake Agassiz, are in- 
dicated by their physical characters and relationship to 
the ice retreat to be accumulations of englacial drift. These 
examples appear to lie types of the general manner of trans- 
portation and deposition of the materials of kanies. eskers. 
and moraines. Besides, the author held that much of the 
ground moraine or subglacial till had been englacial. con- 
tained in the lower part of the ice-sheet, until the time of 
general recession of the ice produced the conditions of its 
subglacial deposition. 
Prof. Chamberlin, in discussion, stated that little or no en- 
glacial drift is observable in the glacier- of the Alps. The 
