Pleistocene Papers at the Madison Meetings. 177 
Ice-sheet on Newtonville sand plain. By F. P. Gulliver, 
Norwich, Conn. Two models were exhibited in illustration 
of this paper, one showing the topography of a glacial sand 
plain or low plateau, with associated esker ridges, near New- 
tonville, Mass., and the other showing the relationship of the 
ice-sheet to this area at the stage of its retreat when the sand 
plain was deposited. The author agrees with Prof. W. M. 
Davis in regarding these eskers as subglacial ; and the plain, 
which has the characteristic outlines of a delta, is thought to 
have been accumulated when the sea stood at its hight, nearly 
150 feet above the present sea level. 
Mr. McGee, in discussion, spoke of the lobation of the 
waning ice-sheet in Iowa, determining the situation of gla- 
cial streams and lakes. 
Mr. Upham would ascribe the eskers to ice-walled streams 
open to the sky, since no boulders or till fell from an ice roof 
upon them ; and the body of water receiving the delta seems 
to him more probably to have been lacustrine, dammed by the 
receding ice-sheet, since no shore lines of wave erosion are 
found on the slopes of drumlins in Boston harbor and its vi- 
cinity, some ten miles northeast of Newtonville. 
Prof. G. F. Wright spoke of an esker at Lawrence, Mass.. 
running from north to south with descent into the Merrimack 
valley and ascent from it, where it appears to have been 
formed by a superglacial river. When the ice beneath the 
gravel ridge was melted, it settled down to its present undu- 
lating course, which cannot so well be referred to a siphon- 
like subglacial stream. 
Amount of glacial erosion in the Winger Lake region of New 
York. By D. F. Lincoln, Geneva, N. Y. Considerable tracts 
of the uplands between the Finger lakes have very scant} 7 drift, 
averaging probably no more than one or two feet; but the val- 
leys south and north of the lakes have deep drift. Apparently 
the uplands have been glacially planed and their detritus 
largely deposited in the valleys and in the terminal moraine 
on the south. In preglacial time the high lands between the 
lakes were higher, and the valleys may have been deeper, than 
at the present time. But along with the planation <>f the 
ridges the valleys appear to have been much deepened, to the 
amount of hundreds of feet, by glacial erosion, as is suggested 
