1:02 The American Geologist. December, 1893 
iila, where hundreds and even thousands of small lakes and lakelets, 
mostly having no outlet, lie in the hollows between the sand hillocks 
and ridges. If tho base-leveled Pliocene plain was for a geologically 
short time uplifted 1,000 feet, more or less, the water of rains eoaking 
through the porous soil and rocks must have channelled caverns and 
long tunnels into which much of the superficial sand would be carried. 
Since the land afterward sank to its present hight, these passages are 
partly beneath the sea level, and the plane of saturation of the rocks 
and soil is so much higher than before that the multitudes of lakes, 
very unusual and anomalous in unglaciated regions, are gathered in 
the hollows from which the sand was removed by the underground 
drainage. 
Correlation Papers, the Newark System. By Israel Cook Russell. 
pp. 344, with 13 plates and four figures in the text. (Bulletin No. 85, 
U. S. Geological Survey, 1892. Price 25 cents.) The Newark system, 
consisting of sedimentary beds with extensive trap dikes and sheets, 
referred by Russell approximately to the latter part of the Triassic and 
the early part of the Jurassic eras, is confined to the Atlantic border of 
North America, and occupies narrow tracts whose longer axes trend in 
general northeast and southwest, in parallelism with the folds of the 
Appalachian mountain belt. From the most northerly exposure?, in 
Nova Scotia, southwest to the most southerly outcrops, in North Caro- 
lina, is a distance of about 1,200 miles; and the entire area of the sys- 
tem now remaining is about 10,000 square miles. Professor Russell 
concludes that probably all the Newark tracts from Massachusetts and 
Connecticut southward were originally united, and that possibly this 
great belt also continued northeast to the Acadian area. Three-fifths 
of the volume are devoted to a very complete index of the literature of 
the Newark system, by authors, subjects, and localities. This name of 
the system, referring to its development in the vicinity of Newark, N. 
J., was first used in 1856 by W. C. Redfield, being the earliest term ap- 
plied to it without expression of opinion concerning its equivalence 
with geologic systems in Europe. 
CORRESPONDENCE. 
Origin of Peconic bay and of Shinnecock Hills. TheShinnecock 
hills form part of the so-called backbone of Long Island, but the verte- 
bral column at this point is pushed a little out of place and bends 
southward into the Shinnecock bay. 
If wo look at a map of Long Island and observe the contour of Peco- 
nic bay we will find that this beautiful sheet of water indents the 
shore on the north side of the Shinnecock hills, and in fact the two 
bays, already mentioned, are almost connected by the depression at 
Canoe place.* Another longer arm stretches out from Peconic bay to- 
*A canal now connects the Shinnecock and Peconic bays. 
