194 Tin A iiurirun ficohxjisl. September, 1893 
the general structure of the other Crustacea rather than that of any 
special form.'" 
Carte gtologiquc de la Russie cf Europe (echelle 1 :520,000) par A. 
Kari'insky, S. Nikitin, Th. Tschernyschev, N. Sokolov, A. Mikhal- 
skv. etc. Edition du Comity Geologique, St. Petersburg, 1893; with a 
"Note explicative." Price 7 roubles. 
The Geological Committee of Russia was established eleven years ago. 
At the close of the first decennial of their work it was decided by them 
to prepare and publish as nearly a complete map of the area of "Russia 
in Europe'" as their information would warrant. This map is the result. 
While the great geological map of Russia which wdl contain 150 sheets 
on a scale 1:1:20,000 is steadily progressing, based on the most exact to- 
pographical map of Russia which is in existence, this new map is de- 
signed to express, in compact form, the state of progress of geological 
exploration in Russia, derived from all sources. It answers at the same 
time the urgent needs of men of science as well as the practical necessi- 
ties of various economical enterprises, and will be very useful until the 
completion of the large map. While it is more exact and detailed than 
any preceding map of Russia, it cannot take the place of the beautiful 
detailed sheets which are issued by the Geological Committee. These 
will go together to constitute the final result of that great undertaking. 
The characters indicate principally the geological formations below the 
drift, but the drift characters of the country are given whenever the 
drift is so abundant as to conceal entirely the underlying older rocks. 
These drift formations are: the lacustrine and cotemporary huviatile 
deposits, the glacial deposits, and the loess. The map also shows the 
conventional limit of the extension of erratic blocks, but this does not 
express the limit of moraines nor the extreme extension of the glacial 
sheets. The post-tertiary marine submergences are also indicated, but 
in a general conventional way, since the marine deposits merge gradual- 
ly into deposits with a freshwater fauna, making it difficult to say where 
one begins or the other ends. 
The Tertiary is designated by four characters expressing different 
horizons, and the Cretaceous by two (upper and lower). Between the 
distinctive Lower Cretaceous and the Jura are the beds denominated 
Volgian (upper and lower) extending from the horizon of Olcostephanus 
virgatus to that of O. nodiger. The Jura is divided into three parts — 
superior, middle, and lower, or Lias. There is an indefinite series also 
between the Trias and the Permian. The Trias and the Permian each 
has one color, but a Permo-Carboniferous system is also represented. 
The Carboniferous system is designated in two parts, upper and lower, 
in general agreement with the subdivisions adopted for the international 
map of Europe. The Carboniferous and the Devonian of the trans- 
Caucasus are represented by one color. Other doubtful Carboniferous 
dolomytes and limestones, and some schists which appear amongst the 
massive crystallines, are separately indicated. The Devonian is divided, 
in genera], into three parts, and some of these are again divided. A 
special designation is employed for the paleozoic rocks of the principal 
