•J II The American Geologist. . October, 1898 
The lead-ores arc sent largely to the works of the Pennsyl- 
vania Lead Company, at Pittsburgh, and sonic go to Aurora, 
near Chicago. Formerly the galenite was smelted at the lo- 
cal furnaces; hut since the opening up of the country by rail- 
ways all this has changed; local smelting has heen given up 
and the furnaces arc dismantled and in ruins. 
Zinc-Okks — Smitiisonitk. 
Smithsonite, or "hone," as mined and sent to market, is 
usually in three grades or sizes, the result of the methods of 
sorting and cleaning : 
1. The large masses or picked hone, culled by hand as 
mined, and comparatively free from rock or other sub- 
stances. 
2. The washed or jigged bone, in smaller fragments, cleaned 
as far as possible from iron oxide, blende, and rock. 
3. The finer portions or " smittems," more or less contami- 
nated with heavy ochery clay, limonite and ferruginous rock, 
which cannot be removed. 
Of these sizes the first, being the cleanest and carrying the 
highest percentage of oxide, commands the highest price. 
The value of the second grade varies greatly according to the 
presence of more or less limonite, which is not easily separated. 
The third is the low r est grade and the least desirable, as it is 
too fine to be cleaned by culling. In selling these ores at the 
close of the season's work, it is customary to sell the whole 
together at an average price per ton for all grades, since it 
would he difficult to dispose of the smittems alone. 
Dry-bone is used for the manufacture of white zinc-oxide 
for paints, and is not used for the production of spelter. 
Although by opening up new deposits of this ore the pro- 
duction may be temporarily increased for some } T ears, it is 
easy to foresee that, with the large and ever increasing de- 
mand, the supply will diminish and the value will advance. 
Missouri supplies more "jack" than "bone," and the Wiscon- 
sin deposits are at present the most available for the latter 
product. Some ore has been obtained from New Mexico, but 
the deposits arc too far away to permit all the grades of ore 
to be marketed. Only the very highest grades bear the great 
cost of transportation. There are also deposits in Arkansas, 
but these are also dillicult of access and arc now idle. The 
