'■'rl 1 The American Geologist. November, 1883 
tury, would present ;i handsome and instructive exhibil ;ii the 
Columbian Fair, and they have not been disappointed. 
Occupying the central portion of the north gallery in the 
Mining Building, the visitor sees ;i beautiful colonnade in 
which graceful Ionic columns alternate with tall lamps and 
vases of nils. A lighthouse occupies the center, about which 
is a unique mechanical device which, changing every few sec- 
onds, exhibits the names of many of the products which the 
Standard Company is constantly shipping to all parts of the 
world. 
The exhibit is eminently educational in its entire concep- 
tion and execution. The history of crude oil from its origin 
in the rocky strata, through the several stages of transporta- 
tion, refining, by-products, and distribution to the consumer. 
is shown in a clear and satisfactory manner. The amount of 
naphthas, illuminating oils, and residua obtained from a barrel 
of crude oil is shown quantitatively by the different materials 
themselves, arranged around a huge bottle (the largest ever 
made), of crude petroleum, while radiating from this center 
in eleven cases "are exhibited the different by-products man- 
ufactured from petroleum, viz: the naphthas, burning oils, lu- 
bricating oils, paraflBne oils, waxes, candles, vaseline, pomades, 
soaps, etc. 
Alongside illuminating oils of every grade, is shown, in a 
historical series, the evolution of lamps from the hollowed-out 
stone of the Esquimaux, the shell of tin- Ainos, and the clay 
lamps of East India, down to the modern lamp, ornamented 
and decorated in the highest style of art. 
The crude oil exhibit is particularly line and complete, 
there being a specimen from each oil pool in the United 
States to the number of two hundred or more. 
The geology of petroleum has also received especial atten- 
tion. In addition to a very complete collection of '-sand-.'" 
in which the oils occur, a large profile section from Glean. 
New York, westward through Pennsylvania and Ohio to Ft. 
Wayne, Indiana, showing the distribution of the oil sand res- 
ervoirs in the column of rocks, ornaments the front of 
the exhibit, while the windows at the back are filled 
with interesting transparencies of subject- connected with 
the oil industry. One of these (a map of the United State- 
