INTRODUCTORY. 
7 
transformed frond (fig. 3); and the Ophioglossacece , where 
the capsules are arranged on the margin of a con¬ 
tracted frond (fig. 4). 
It is advisable in beginning the study of ferns to 
Fig. 1. 
observe well these characters. The Maiden-hair and 
the Male Fern will give good examples, if you choose 
a fertile frond\ of the order Polypodiacece. Again, the 
Royal Flowering Fern (Osmunda regalis ), fig. 3, will 
give a good example of the order (which is a small one) 
