Age of the Tipton Run Coal. — White- 25 
Tennessee form being much larger and longer than in the Cin- 
cinnati specimens. Under these circumstances I have felt my- 
self justified in giving them a new name. T. montrealensis 
BillLngs, from the Trenton limestone of Canada, is apparently 
another nearly related form. Billings, however, does not men- 
tion radial series of punctures, so they are probably distinct. 
Formation and locality: Not uncommon in the shales of 
the lower and middle beds of the Cincinnati group at Cincin- 
nati and other localities in that vicinitv. 
THE AGE OF THE TIPTON RUN COAL OF BLAIR COUNTY 
PENNSYLVANIA. 
By I. C. White. 
The Tipton Run coal field lies along the eastern base of the 
Alleghany mountain, 12 to 15 miles north-east from Altoona, 
Pa. A country bank for local fuel supply, has been opened 
and operated there, near the head of Tipton run, and 4 miles 
distant from Tipton Station on the Pennsylvania R. R. for 
many years, but a branch line has recently been constructed 
to this field, and the coal is now mined and shipped to market 
on a commercial scale. 
The elevation of the surface where the coal sets in is about 
1400 feet above tide, or 800 feet below the summit of the Alle- 
ghanies, 1 to 2 miles away. As is well known to geologists 
this mountain range is here crowned by the Barrens, and 
lower Coal Measures, while lower down and forming the east- 
ern escarpment, come successively the Pottsville conglomerate, 
Mauch Chunk red shale, Pocono sandstone, with the Catskill 
beds forming the base, and all arching into the air over the 
great Canoe valley and Morrison's Cove anticlinals. Lying 
thus topographically several hundred feet below the base of 
the lowest Coal Measures, and coming at the horizon of the 
Pocono, or No. X escarpment, this coal was long ago referred 
to the age of these Lower Carboniferous sandstones by the 
geologists of the First Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, and 
so far as the writer is aware this opinion has been confirmed 
by all professional geologists who have subsequently examined 
the field in question, the last being Mr. Chas. A. Ashburner, 
who made a special examination of the region after it had 
been opened for railway shipments. This report, which was 
more elaborate than any others, was published in 1886, and 
