110 Review of Recent Geological Literature. 
lie above the productive Coal Measures of New South Wales and are 
divisible into four well marked lithological divisions. Proceeding 
downwards these divisions are Wianamatta shales, 700 feet ; Hawkes- 
bury sandstones, 1,000 feet; Marrabeeu shales, 650 feet; Estheria 
shales, 640 feet. The Wianamatta shales are chiefly argillaceous 
deposits resting in denuded hollows and on worn surfaces of the 
Hawkesbury sandstone and containing remains of plants, fishes and 
labyrinthodonts. The Hawkesbury sandstones afford numerous re- 
mains of plants and of fishes, but the chief interest centres in two 
species of labyrinthodonts. One is supposed to be identical with the 
European Triassic Mastodonsaurus robustus, the other is the Platyceps 
wilkensoni Stephens. The lower member of the series contains remains 
of Estheria. The plants of the series as well as the labyrinthodonts 
indicate the horizon of the European Trias 
For some time Estheria was the only genus of invertebrates known 
from the Hawkesbury-Wianamatta series, but recently the inverte- 
brate fauna of the series has been enriched by the discovery of two 
species of the genus Unio, two species of a new genus described by the 
author as Unionella, and a gasteropod belonging to the genus Treman- 
otus. On this continent, and the same is true of Europe, Tremanotus 
is not known after the close of the Upper Silurian. It is a matter of 
no small degree of interest to find this old fashioned genus reappear- 
ing in Triassic strata in New South Wales. 
Contributions to the Tertiary Flora of Australia. By Dr. Constan- 
TiN, Baron von Ettingshausen. This volume constitutes the second 
of the palaeontological memoirs of the geological survey of New South 
Wales. In addition to the description of genera and species the 
author discusses the relations between the Tertiary and modern floras 
of Australia, the relation of Australian types in the Tertiary flora of 
Europe to similar types in the Tertiary strata of Australia, and the 
question whether not exclusively Australian forms can be traced in 
the Tertiary flora of Australia. "The Tertiary flora of extra-tropical 
Australia is, as regards character, essentially distinct from the present 
living flora of Australia, nor does it closely resemble in general, any 
living flora. On the other hand it shows the mixed character of the 
Tertiary floras of Europe, the Arctic regions. North America, and 
probably all the Tertiary floras. It has also much more similarity to 
the Tertiary floras at present known than to the existing flora of Aus- 
tralia. 
The author points out that the Tertiary floras wherever studied 
combine all the elements of the modern floras. For example genera 
now exclusively confined to the Australia region, occur in the Tertiary 
of Europe, while on the other hand the genus Quercus is represented 
by a number of species in the Tertiary flora of Australia, though not 
represented at all in the modern flora. Palajo-botanists can readily 
point out similar examples from a comparison of the Tertiary floras of 
Europe and North America. During the Tertiary, as the author well 
