Correspondence. 125 
formiilily upon the Huronian in several places. There are but two fos- 
sils found in it so far, Arenicoliten spiralis and Aspedello lerranovica.* 
Yours sincerely, 
James P. Howi.ev. 
The Terminal Moraine near Louisville. Having lived for more 
than seventeen years on the "backbone" of Long Island, N. Y. before 
coming to Louisville, Ky., I was naturally attracted by the clayey de- 
posits of this region, so similar in character to the glacial deposits of 
Long Island. 
I was aware that the line of the terminal moraine of the great conti- 
nental ice-sheet was drawn farther to the north through central Indi- 
ana, but the more I studied tlie matter the more I became convinced 
that the glacier had something to do with the clay and cherty forma- 
tions of Kentucky. This opinion has been confirmed by Profs. New- 
berry and Collett. Instead of a lobe of ice, however, flowing down a 
glacial river through central Indiana to the Ohio, as described by Prof. 
Collett, there is evidence that the whole eastern part of the state was 
covered by the great ice-sheet. 
While the glacier seems to have taken a southeast trend, the streams 
under it flowed in a southwest direction. Crossing the Ohio river at 
Louisville these subglacial streams seem to ramify very much the 
same as those of Long Island. The limestone ridge east of Louisville 
is very much broken, especially toward the south. In places it entire- 
ly disappears, or exists only in little round isolated hummocks as it nears 
the knobs. Here a vast basin was formed which is now known as "the 
wetwoods." The present outlet of the Ohio, through the knobs, 
coulil not have been sufficient to carry off the great flood of waters, 
and so they became dammed up behind the Kentucky hills, or cut 
their way through forming them into the peculiar contour which they 
now present. If we follow up one of the old subglacial depressions as 
far as the knobs we find it connecting with a corresponding depression 
in the hills, showing that at one time there must have been some re- 
lation between them, although water alone could hardly have pro- 
duced such results as are here presented. The summits of the highest 
knobs are not only worn into pot-holes, but there are well defined 
kettle-holes, and l)oulders of granite are often met with in the clay. It 
is true that these boulders are small and have the appearance of being 
water worn, and the floods may have reached the height of four or five 
hundre<l feet, but the writer has found boulders of sandstone and 
granite lying tcigether several miles up the river from the knobs at the 
height of ninety feet above the present level of the stream. These cer- 
tainly could not have been deposited by water unleis the water ran up 
hill. The boulders referred to, lay exactly in the path of the glacier 
as it crossed the river from the New .Vlbany, Ind. knobs. 
* These two fossils are the oldest organic remains found in North 
America. Thev belong to the Infra-primordial fauna or Lower 
Taconic— J. M.' 
