136 Douglass Hour/hton. — A. Winchell 
The Conglomerate, No. 4, and the Mixed Conglomerate and 
Sandstone No. 5, (constituting the Keweenawan system of 
Chamberlin and Irving) are made up of volcanic ejections — 
the sandstone layers having the same greenstone composition 
as the conglomerates, but being finer and evidently deposited 
as sediments in shallow water. The "Lower or Red Sandrock 
and Shale," No. 6, at first supposed to represent the "Old Red 
Sandstone," ' then in 1843 the "New Red," * was subsequently 
pronounced the equivalent of the Potsdam sandstone of New 
York.« 
In his brief report dated January 25, 1842, Dr. Houghton 
says tlie survey has made progress, though the unavailability 
of funds has been a hindrance. He speaks of duties assigned 
relative to the boundary line between Michigan and Wiscon- 
sin. He makes mention of other detailed work in exploration 
of the Porcupine mountains, and the rivers in the western 
part of the Upper Peninsula. Though the field-work on the 
scale originally contemplated, is now nearly complete, a large 
amount of laboratory and office work remains, for which he 
asks and receives a small appropriation. In this work the 
year 1842 was occupied, as he informs us in the very brief 
report dated January 3, 1843. This was his sixth annual 
report. In his seventh, dated February 15, 1844, he simply 
states that work on the final report is making some progress, 
but slow. He speaks of progress made on the county maps, 
and pathetically asks an advance of $1,000 or $1,500, to be 
reimbursed from the sale of the maps, when completed. This 
is his last report to the State. Though the office of state geol- 
ogist was not abolished, no State report is found for the eighth 
and ninth years of his incumbency. 
In the meantime, however, Dr. Houghton, despairing of the 
ability of the State to complete the work, meditated a con- 
nection between the linear and geologicaJ surveys of the Upper 
Peninsula. His plan was fully set forth in a paper read before 
the Association of American Geologists in "Washington, in 
■^ In the report of 1838, he says "The Old Red Sandstone in the vicin- 
ity of the Porcupine Mountains has been shattered similarly to the 
limestone of Mackinac island." 
^ Trans. Assoc. Amer. Geol., 1843; Amer. Jour. Sci. xlv, 160. 
''This view was embodied in his notes of 1845, reported on by Bela 
Hubbard. See Jacob Houghton's Mineral Region of Lake Superior, 1846 
p. 118. 
