Glaciaiion of Mountains, Etc. — W. Upham. 205 
tory — a growth or development from cold, non-luminous states 
of matter. The difficulty of admitting vast, dark cosmic 
bodies, whose existence is entirely conjectural, leads the writer 
to prefer the meteoric theory, which finds the requisite cold 
matter in all-pervading "cosmic dust," whose existence is 
actually revealed in the meteorites which course about the sun^ 
and descend in "star-showers" to the planet on whose surface 
we dwell. 
Ann Arbor June 15, 1889. 
GLACIATION OF MOUNTAINS IN NEW ENGLAND AND 
NEW YORK. 
By Warben Upham. 
Read before the Appalachian Mountain Club, April 17, 1889. 
H. 
The most noteworthy observations on the glaciation of the 
White mountains are those of Dr. Edward Hitchcock in 1841, 
marking the upper limit of the usual drift deposits, strife, and 
ice- worn ledges about 1,000 feet below the top of Mt. Wash- 
ington; and of his son, professor Charles H. Hitchcock, who 
in 1875 found glacially transported bowlders on the very sum- 
mit of this mountain.' The former wrote of Mt. Washington, 
and the other peaks of this range : "All the peaks which I 
ascended are made up of broken fragments of this slate, which 
have been entirely removed from their original position by 
frost, and form sometimes a coating of loose angular blocks 
several feet thick. This is particularly the case upon the 
summit of Mt. Washington, and downward about 1 ,000 feet ; 
but in all the valleys between these peaks more or less of the 
rocks appear in place, and here I discovered many examples 
of embossed rocks. They are, as we might expect, much less 
distinct than in many other places less exposed to decompos- 
ing agencies, and I should probably have passed by them 
without recognition, had I not previously examined many 
other more distinct examples. So far as Mt. Clinton has been 
uncovered, it seems one huge boss more or less rounded. As 
we begin to ascend Mt. Pleasant, the embossed rocks are quite 
distinct ; and here, too, are bowlders most evidently trans- 
ported. Here, too, I discovered strife running N. 30° W., S. 
30° E., corresponding essentially with the general course of 
' Ibid. ; Appai.achia, vol. i. 
