264 Charles Whittlesey. — A. Winchell. 
His earliest geological studies were made in 1838 and 1839, 
in connection with the first geological survey of Ohio. His 
reports aggregate forty-three pages. His attention was 
directed to the construction of maps, the running of levels, the 
determination of altitudes, the measurement of the thicknesses 
of formations, the encroachments of rivers, the fluctuation of 
the great lakes, the ridges of lake Erie, the variation of the 
magnetic needle and the survey of ancient earth works. In 
his subsequent explorations colonel Whittlesey paid much 
attention to the Drift. He early made it the subject 
of serious study, and was among the first to insti- 
tute systematic and widely extended investigations.' 
His method of geological investigation is well illus- 
trated by his paper of 1851, read before the American 
Association. In this were depicted and described seven ex- 
tended sections of Drift deposits : 1. From the Canada shore 
of lake Erie southward through Cleveland to the summit land 
near Akron. 2. From Detroit westward to the summit between 
his descriptions and figures embodied in a paper on the "Equivalency 
of the rocks of northeastern Ohio and the Portage, Chemung and Ham- 
ilton rocks of New York." (Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Cincinnati 
meeting, 1851, pp. 207-221.) 
' Some of his papers are the following : Diluvium or Drift of Ohio 
and the West. Illustrations, pp. 12. (Amer. Jour. Sci. March, 1848.) 
On the superficial deposits of the northwestern part of the United 
States. (Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Cincinnati, 1851, pp. 54-58). 
Drift of the northwestern States, pp. 2. (Annals of Science, Cleveland, 
1852). Drift etchings, lake Superior, Illus. (Annals of Science, 
March, 1854). Pre-glacial channel of Eagle river, lake Superior. 
(Pamphlet, Boston, 1855). Natural terraces and ridges of lake Erie, 
pp. 9. (Amer. Jour. Sci. 1856). On the drift cavities or potash kettles 
of Wisconsin, pp. 2. (Proc. A. A. A. Sci., 1857). Fresh water glacial 
Drift of the Northwest, 4to, Illus. and maps, one colored. (Smithsonian 
Contributions). On the ice movement of the glacial era in the valley 
of the St. Lawrence, pp. 12. (Proc. A. A. A. Sci., Burlington, 1867). 
Glaciation of Kelly's Island, lake Erie, pp. 7. (Proc. A. A. A. Sci., 
1878). The ice era" in Ohio, pp. 3, 1884. Forks of the Cuyahoga, pre- 
glacial, inter-glacial, and post-glacial, pp. 4. 1885). 
In reference to the scientific value of his work in Minnesota, we find 
the following in the Final Report on that state, vol. i. p. 99 : "Whittle- 
sey's grouping of 'glacial etchings' proves the direction of the glacial 
movement in the northern part of the state to have been from the 
northeast; and he unhesitatingly ascribes all the phenomena in North 
America to the agency of glaciers ; placing the southern limit of the 
movement in New Jersey, northern Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, 
Illinois, Wisconsin and Iowa. The correctness of this earlv prognos- 
tication has been strikingly verified by late explorations in several 
of the states named. He could see no reason to suppose that any 
changes of level of the country have taken place since the era of the 
Drift." 
