98 The A)7iertcan Geologist. February, 1898 
450 to 600 feet above the present lake Superior on the follow- 
ing rivers: Knife, Encampment, Gooseberry, Beaver, Bap- 
tism and Temperance rivers. Smaller deltas are found at still 
lower levels on these rivers as well as the Poplar, Cascade, 
Devil Track and Brule rivers. In general it may be said that 
the first mentioned streams present favorable conditions for 
the formation of deltas at high levels and all streams at lower 
levels. The greater extent of the deltas at higher levels is 
due to the greater volume of water discharged through these 
rivers. In the area north of the Highland moraine the deltas 
are not as numerous nor as extensive. South of the Mesabi 
moraine in T. 60 N., R. loand ii W., are several small deltas- 
Valley drift consists chiefly of fine sand deposited in undu- 
lating and nearly level tracts between the moraines. These 
deposits are well shown in gravel pits and railroad cuts along 
the Duluth and Iron Range railroad. The best exposure is 
found at Cloquet River station, where an embankment twenty 
feet high and a fourth of a mile long shows numerous beds of 
stratified sand and gravel with very prominent cross bedding. 
The original deposit formed a nearly level plain about one- 
fourth of a square mile in area. In T. 60 N., R. 7 to 11 W., 
between the Itasca and Mesabi moraine the valley drift is ex- 
tensively developed. So far as noticed these sand deposits 
usually occur above the till. In the region between the 
Itasca and the Highland moraines, where several overlapping 
till sheets exist, modified deposits are found under later till. 
This was noted by Spurr in T. 51 N., R. 17 W.* 
WIND DEPOSITS. 
West of the small lake in the N. W. \ of section 8, T. 60 N., 
R.9 W., and in the east central part of T. 60 N., R. 10 W., are 
deposits of unstratified sand above the till and modified drift. 
These deposits present an uneven surface similar to that of 
the moraines. The material is composed entirely of fine sand. 
These (dune like hills are referred to wind deposits which 
are derived from the extensive deposits of modified drift in 
the immediate vicinity. 
*22nd Ann. Report Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey of Minn., p. 123. 
