The Keweenaivan in Minnesota. — Elftman. lOl 
Highland moraine the direction is about west, varying locally 
to 20° north of west; at Duluth the direction of the striae 
varies, having a general southwest direction intersected by 
striffi running in all directions. 
The glacial markings observed within ten to twenty miles 
north of the Itasca moraine run south to south twenty degrees 
west. The one exception at Allen Junction where the stria- 
tions run south, forty degrees west, is attributable to the in- 
fluence gf the Giant's range five miles north of this locality. 
Northwestward of the above named limits the general direc- 
tion becomes more westerly, becoming on Hunter's island 
.S. 20« W., Rainy lake S. 40^ W., and lake of the Woods S. 45 >" 
W. In many localities are numerous intersecting striations 
made during the last stages of the ice retreat. 
GLACIAL LAKES AND RIVERS. 
The water derived from the receding ice when hemmed in 
between the ice sheet on the one side and permanent land 
barriers on the others, formed lakes whose positions are 
marked at the present day by stratified clay, beaches and river 
deltas. The glacial lakes of the lake Superior region have 
been described with more or less detail during recent years. '^' 
The highest shore lines of the glacial lakes are approximately 
located upon the map. 
Lake Saint Lotns.\ As the ice receded toward the east into 
the lake Superior basin the first lake formed was lake Saint 
Louis, southwest of Duluth. The outlet of this lake was 
toward the southwest from the central part of T. 47 N., R. 18 
\V., through a well defined river valley, at present seen along 
the Saint Paul and Duluth railroad between Barnum and Carl- 
ton. The highest point in this valley has an altitude of 1,125 
feet above the sea. The ice barrier stood in the northwest 
part of T. 48 N., R. 16 W. Although the lake did not extend 
*Lawson 20th Ann. Rep. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Sur. of Minn., 1891, 
pp. 181-289, 
Upham, 22d, ditto. i8g.s, pp. 54-64. 
Taylor, Amer.C'iEOL. Vol. XIII, 1894, pp. 380-383; Vol. XV, 1895. 
pp. 1 19-120 and pp. 304-314. 
fAs recently described by Prof. N. H. Winchell in a paper as yet 
unpublished, read before the Minn. Acad, of Nat. Sciences Feb. 1897; 
Jilso described in his unpublished report on Carlton county. 
