I02 The American Geologist. Februarj', vis^^ 
over forty square miles in area, it received a large volume of 
water from the Saint Louis river. 
Ijike Nemadji. When the ice had receded beyond the 
land barrier which formed the southeastern shore of lake 
Saint Louis, a lower outlet with an altitude of 1,070 feet above 
sea level, was uncovered in the northeast corner of T. 46 N., R. 
18 W. This outlet crosses the northern part of the township 
and joins the outlet from lake Saint Louis in the northeast 
part of T. 46 N., R. 19 W. Beyond the last named locality the 
abandoned river channel continues to the southwest until it 
forms the valley of the Kettle river, which flows southward 
into the Saint Croix river. The stage of the glacial lake de- 
termined by the outlet just described is called lake Nemadji 
by Prof. Winchell, from the river Nemadji, which at present 
drains a large part of the region formerly occupied by this 
lake. Lake Nemadji continued to exist until a lower outlet 
by way of the Bois Brule and Saint Croix rivers, thirty-five 
miles east of the western end was uncovered. 
Lake Duluth. The present altitude of the Saint Croix 
outlet, according to Upham, is 1,070 feet above the sea level.''' 
This is the same as the present altitude of the outlet of lake 
Nemadji. Allowing an uplift of former lake levels toward 
the northeast, the Saint Croix outlet when first uncovered 
was about ten feet lower than that of lake Nemadji. 
Upham nanied the lake which had its outlet through the 
Saint Croix river, "Western Superior Glacial Lake."f Tay- 
lor used the name lake Duluth, without definition, upon a 
map recently issued. J 'The name lake Duluth is used in the 
present paper as a more appropriate and less cumbersome 
name for the lake whose outlet was by way of the Saint Croix 
river, and which was formed by an ice barrier extending dur- 
ing the maximimi extent of the lake from the region a few- 
miles east of Port Arthur to the next lower outlet near the 
eastern end of the lake Superior basin. 
On accovmt of the rapid rise of the surface of the land 
north of lake Superior the areal extent of this lake was not 
*Upham, Geol. of Minn. Final Report, Vol. II, pp. 642, 643. Mr. 
Upham has supposed that the original level was 80 feet higher, and that 
by erosion it acquired its permanent stage. 
t22nd Ann. Report, Minn. Geol. & Nat. Hist. Sur\c-v, ]». 54. 
^''Studies in Indiana Geography" 1897, Chapter X, p. 10. 
