108 TllC A}llCricail GcolOi^ist. February, 1898 
tlie lake Superior Ijasin, and tlie other witli its central axis 
across the Rainy lake region, moved S 40° W. 
The Su])crior lobe overflowed its basin and spread west- 
ward and northward to the Giant's range. The ice then re- 
ceded from the north at least as far as Highland, but again 
advanced northward as far as (iiant's range. Receding again 
to Highland another advance was made, extending north- 
ward from five to ten miles. After the recession from the last 
advance, the Highland moraine was formed along the rim 
of the basin. Further east, in conjunction with the Rainy 
lobe, it formed the Itasca-Highland moraine. During the 
farther recession of this lobe the glacial lakes Nemadji, Du- 
luth, Omimi and Kaministiquia were successively formed and 
drained. 
The history of the Rainy lobe is more complex than that 
of the Superior lobe. While the latter filled its basin, the 
former filled its basin, the southern barrier of which was the 
Giant's range. The till between the Highland and Itasca 
moraine shows that each ice lobe alternately advanced beyond 
its basin and retreated. At least two such excursions by each 
lobe are recorded in cuts along the Duluth and Iron Range 
railroad. The Rainy lobe, during the recession, subsequent 
to the return from its last southern trip formed the Itasca. 
Itasca-Highland, Mesabi and Vermilion moraines. The two 
lobes were contemporary, forming the Highland, Itasca and 
Itasca-Highland moraines at the same time. While these 
moraines were being formed the glacial water was carried ofT 
by the Saint Louis and Cloquet rivers. The Superior lobe 
then receded toward the northeast and its northern border re- 
mained in close proximity to the Itasca-Highland moraine. 
The Rainy lobe receded northward from the Itasca and 
Itasca-Highland moraines. Since lake Omimi covered in 
part the region occupied by this lobe, the Superior lobe had 
not receded beyond mount Josephine at the time the Mesabi 
moraine was being formed. The drainage of the Rainy lobe 
was to the southward, chiefly through the Saint Louis, Clo- 
quet, Isabelle-Baptism, Temperance and Pigeon rivers. The 
large volume of water discharged into lake Duluth carried 
with it an abundance of drift. The coarser material was de- 
posited at the mouths of the rivers, forming deltas, and finer 
