TJic Keivcenazoan in Minnesota. — E/ftnian. 109 
material was carried into the lake forming the extensive clay 
deposits. When these waters found an outlet toward the 
north, the volume emptying into lake Duluth was greatly re- 
duced and the transportation of debris correspondingly dimin- 
ished. 
The scarcity of the drift north of the jMesabi moraine- 
shows that the ice did not linger long in that region. From 
the position of the moraines it seems that the recession in the 
western part of the region was even more rapid than that in its 
eastern portion. This would indicate that the general reces- 
sion of the Rainy lobe was toward the northeast. The drain- 
age, while the \ ermilion moraine was being formed, was 
chiefly from the northeast through valleys at present occupied 
by the streams emptying into Birch lake, and from thence 
westv/ard through the Embarras river to the Saint Louis 
river. After its brief rest at the A^ermilion moraine the ice 
receded to the northeast into Canada. Since lake Kaministi- 
Cjuia occupied in part the region covered by the Rainy lobe 
after this lobe had receded beyond the Vermilion moraine, 
the Superior lobe had not. at that time, receded beyond Port 
Arthur. 
It may be mentioned in passing that this interpretation of 
the moraines may necessitate a revision of the interpretation 
of the glacial phenomena in central Minnesota. So far as the 
writer can judge from his observations and the descriptions* 
of the glacial drift in this part of the state it seems that there 
is evidence of the meeting of ice lobes from different direc- 
tions; i. e.. the Superior lobe from the northeast and another 
lobe from the northwest. The relation of these lobes seems 
to be analogous to that just described between the Superior 
and Rainy lobes. It may be suggested here that the Kettle 
moraine of the Wisconsin geologists, which is recognized 
over an extensive territory, and whose relative chronological 
position has been determined, continues into Minnesota, and 
])erhaps is represented by the Highland, Itasca and Leaf Llills 
moraines. 
*Final Report, Vol. II, Minn. Geol. & Nat. Hist. Survey, li 
County Reports. 
