Valley Moraines and Dru}nlin&.-Upha)}i. 165 
vision of the question of the age of the formation, considered 
by Conrad to be Miocene. This opinion was formed upon the 
genera and species represented by the drawings made by me 
upon the spot from the casts of the fossils.* In many cases 
the specific character of some of the common genera, 
Cardium, Area, Selen, Dose/iia, Venus, and Cy there a, 
could not l)e made out. The remains of cetaceans were found 
by me at a second visit many years after the publication of 
the results of the collection made in 1853. The whole aspect 
of the hills is more modern and recent than of any well-recog- 
nized Miocene of the western coast. But whether Miocene or 
Pliocene the formation records a comparatively recent uplift 
of 1,500 feet or more, after a subsidence of an equal amount 
and sufificient to give the Pacific ocean free access to the base 
of the Sierra Nevada and to make a chain of islands of the 
Coast mountains. 
[European anc] American Glacial Geolof,'y ("oinpared, 11.) 
VALLEY MORAINES AND DRUMLINS IN THE 
ENGLISH LAKE DISTRICT. 
By Warren Upham, St. Paul, Minn, 
From Llanberis we returned June 14th (1897) to Carnar- 
von, and the next day to Chester, continuing thence north- 
east and east through Manchester and Huddersfield to Leeds. 
This railway passes in a tunnel about two miles long through 
the axial part of the south to north highland belt of the Pen- 
nine Chain, which is continuous along a distance of nearly 150 
miles through northern England. 
Under the guidance of Prof. Percy F. Kendall and Mr. 
Arthur R. Dwerryhouse, of the Yorkshire College, Leeds, 1 
much enjoyed an excursion north nearly twenty miles to Har- 
rogate and the Nidd valley at Knaresborough and westward, 
*A full description of the Ocoya Creek beds and of the fossils may 
be found in my "Report of a Geological Reconnoissance in California,'' 
4 to. 1853, pp. 164-173. Also, in Vol. V, "Pacific Railroad Surveys." 
In this connection it is well to note a strange jumble of errors in a 
foot note to Mr. Lavvson's paper on "The Post-Pliocene Diastrophism 
of the Coast of Southern California," Bull. Univ. Cal. Dcpt. Geol. p. 
119. No Miocene fossils, or others, were found by me at San Diego, 
or were handed to me there. The basis of the reference is probably an 
echo of tlie old attempt of Prof. Gabb and the California Survey to 
discredit my discovery of the Tejon Eocene. 
