1 66 TJic American Geologist March, i8p,h 
g-oing from an unglaciated to a glaciated area, observing mar- 
ginal till and kame deposits, and noting glacial changes in the 
course of the river Nidd. 
Leaving Leeds early in the morning of June 17th, our 
route was west and north through Hellifield and Kirkby 
Stephen to Appleby, there delaying about three hours for con- 
nection with a train to Penrith and Keswick. The delay per- 
mitted me to take a short excursion to the east and north, 
seeing some of the drumlins, 40 to 60 feet high, along this part 
of the river Eden, in a district well described, as to its glacial 
geology, by Mr. J. G. Goodchild.* Looking northward from 
Appleby, we saw snow of the previous day's storm on the top 
of Cross Fell, the culminating point of the Pennine Chain, 
2,930 feet above the sea; and looking west, beyond a finely cul- 
tivated lowland, we saw the group of sharp-peaked mountains 
which occupy the English Lake District, 20 to 40 miles distant. 
In Keswick, a town of 4,000 people, near the foot of lake 
Derwentwater, in the midst of the Lake District (also known 
as Lakeland), surrounded on all sides by beautiful and grand 
mountains, we spent the week of the Queen's Diamond Jubi- 
lee, which was heartily celebrated in every city and town of 
the realm. On the evening of Tuesday, June 22d, the chief 
day of the celebration, a great bonfire blazed forth on the 
summit of Skiddaw; and from that mountain top more than 
sixty other beacon fires were visible on the mountains and 
hills of all the surrounding country. 
On the preceding Saturday I had ascended Skiddaw, find- 
ing glacial striae in and near the path on the slate bedrock at 
two places, about 50 and 100 feet above the upper hut, or by 
estimate 1,950 and 2,000 feet above the sea, bearing, respect- 
ively, S. 45° W. and S. 55° W. (as referred to the true merid- 
ian, allowing 20° W. variation). The glaciation is doubtless 
referable to ice flowing down the mountain slope, as no drift 
foreign to the mountain is found there nor upward to its sum- 
mit, 3,054 feet above the sea. Snow that had fallen in a storm 
on Friday lay an inch or two deep on parts of the top ; but the 
cold and snows of that June were quite exceptional, almost 
unprecedented within the memory of the oldest people. 
Tuesday morning I set out to walk from Keswick to Hel- 
*Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc, XXXI (1875), 55-99- 
