l68 ■ The All uric an GcoloirisL Marcii, w^ 
Gill hotel. These are crossed by the path to Scawfell, being 
at the southwest base of the craggy Langdale Pikes (peaks). 
In the valley, between 400 and 600 feet above the sea, eight 
or ten clearly defined transverse moraines of bouldery till arc 
accumulated in small ridges and hillocks from 10 or 20 feet to 
50 or 60 feet high. Above the more northwestern of these 
moraines, a large deposit of till is* spread upon the southwest 
side of the valley, forming the surface of the Green Tongue, 
a spur of Bow Fell, to a hight of 500 feet above the stream. 
This glacial drift is covered with grass, and its bright green is 
in marked contrast with the dark gray rock and talus slopes 
of other parts of the mountain sides inclosing the valley. 
In descending to Keswick from the rugged crest of Scaw- 
fell Pike (3,210 feet), an equally interesting series of small 
moraines is seen in the Derwent valley from the mouth of the 
Sty Head Gill to Longthwaite church and hamlet. Along 
this distance of two miles, with descent of the river from 500 
to 300 feet, approximately, above the sea, nine moraines were 
found, five of small size being in the first half mile before com- 
ing to the Seathwaite farm houses ; a most remarkable curving 
moraine, a half mile long, with abundant and large boulders, 
at the Thornythwaite house, a mile farther down the valley: 
and three other knoUy drift belts crossed within the last quar- 
ter of a mile before coming to Longthwaite. 
Probably these nine moraines were formed contemporane- 
ously with the similar number in the Alickleden valley, the two 
series- being respectively the records of the receding Scawfell 
glaciers, during the last stage of the Glacial period, on the 
north and east sides of this highest mountain mass of the 
Lake District. Below the Scawfell neve fields by which these 
glaciers were fed, their lengths, at the time of formation of 
the lowermost in the series of moraines here noted, were only 
about three miles on the north and one and a half miles on 
the east. At nearly the same time the neve areas on Helvellyn 
and on the great ridge running north from the Langdale Pikes 
sent confluent glaciers into the southern part of the interven- 
ing Thirlmere valley, forming the moraines close south of 
Dunmail Raise, one and a half to two miles south of lake 
Thirlmere. 
Six drumlins were noted and mapped by me in Keswick 
